节能灯产地竹林土壤重金属污染的时空分布特征  

Temporal and spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination in Gaohong, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province

作　　者：张素[1,2] 梁鹏[1,2] 吴胜春[1,2] 张进[1,2] 曹志洪[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室,浙江临安311300 [2]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江临安311300

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2017年第3期484-500,共17页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：浙江省科技厅重点创新团队项目(2013TD12);浙江省科技厅公益技术研究社发项目(2015C33050);浙江省"三农六方"科技协作项目(CTZB-F150922AWZ-SNY1)

摘　　要：于2012年3月、6月、10月,2013年1月在典型节能灯生产集聚区浙江省临安市高虹镇沿仇溪与猷溪选取17个采样点采集竹林土壤样品,分析其理化性质并测量重金属质量分数,运用统计学原理对土壤重金属进行描述性分析与聚类分析,并研究其时空分布特征。结果表明:研究区域竹林土壤平均pH值为pH 5.55,呈弱酸性,有机质质量分数为53.00 g·kg^(-1),土壤质地肥沃;剔除异常值后,除镍外,其他重金属均属非正态分布,空间变异程度为汞>砷>锌>硒>铜>镍>铬>铅>镉,说明竹林土壤重金属已经受到人为影响;汞的最高值为0.61 mg·kg^(-1),超出食用农作物产地环境质量标准(HJ/T 332-2006)和土壤环境质量二级标准(GB 15618-1995);其他重金属质量分数在土壤背景值附近,表明研究区域部分竹林土壤已经受到汞的污染。相关性与聚类分析结果显示:汞与其他重金属来源不同,锌与铅、镍、铜、铬有极显著相关性关系(P<0.01)。Gaohong, a sm all town situated at the west of Hangzhou, is one of the largest production bases of compact fluorescent lamps（CFLs） in China. To determine the influence of local CFL production on temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in ambient bamboo forest soils during the four seasons, a systematic survey was conducted in March, July, and October of 2012 and January of 2013 with a total of 272 soil samples collected at 17 sampling sites in CFL production areas. Each sampling site was 8 m ×8 m, on which four topsoil samples（0-10 cm） per time were collected by a soil auger in the diagonal position. Each sample＇s representativeness was ensured by collecting four field replicates in a one-meter diameter area and then mixed together as one sample. The chemical properties and heavy metals contents of the samples were determined, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils was elucidated using descriptive and cluster analysis. Results showed that the average pH value of the bamboo forest soils was 5.55,and the mean organic matter content was 53.00 g·kg-1. The highest value for Hg was 0.61 mg·kg-1, two times higher than the Environmental Threshold for Agricultural Soil（HJ/T 332-2006） and the Grade Ⅱ Standard of Soil Environment Quality in China（GB 15618-1995）. Spatial variability of the heavy metals was in an order of Hg As Zn Se Cu Ni Cr Pb Cd. After eliminating outliers, the heavy metals, except Ni, were non-normally distributed. The cluster analyses showed that there was a significant mutually associated compound contamination property between Zn and Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cr（P 0.01）, while Hg and the other heavy metals（Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, As, Se, and Cd） might have originated from different sources. Thus, even though these acidic bamboo forest soils with abundant organic matter had been polluted by mercury, an essential raw material for the CFL industry, and even though heavy metal contamination had possibly been induced by a

关 键 词：森林土壤学 节能灯生产 重金属 汞 聚类分析 时空分布 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]