2015-2016年厄尔尼诺事件对我国稻飞虱发生的影响  

Influence of 2015-2016 El Nio on the occurrence of rice planthoppers in China

作　　者：李袭杰 胡妍月 马健[1] 王业臣[1] 王丽 陆明红[3] 翟保平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系,南京210095 [2]广西壮族自治区植物保护总站,南宁530022 [3]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2017年第4期450-463,共14页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31471763);NSFC-云南联合基金重点项目(U1202266);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD030702)

摘　　要：【目的】本研究旨在了解厄尔尼诺事件对我国稻飞虱发生动态的影响,以阐明稻飞虱在极端气候常态化后的发生规律。【方法】结合东亚迁飞场上的天气变化过程和水稻种植区的稻飞虱监测,对厄尔尼诺次年(2016年)的稻飞虱在我国境内北迁过程进行分析。对近10年我国东部水稻主产区9个省的虫量数据进行统计分析;使用专业气象资料分析及可视化软件Gr ADS对迁飞场中与稻飞虱迁飞过程同步的天气活动进行展示;并使用大气质点轨迹分析平台HYSPLIT进行虫源地迁出种群落点模拟。探讨从虫源地中南半岛到我国水稻主产区长江中下游地区各个时段的重大天气过程及其继发环境影响。【结果】2015-2016年厄尔尼诺事件是20世纪80年代后第3次特大暴发的厄尔尼诺事件,本次事件对我国以及周边国家影响显著,造成我国稻飞虱的境外虫源基地——越南、老挝等国家前所未见的特大干旱;而我国华南、江南、江淮和华北等地则出现了大范围、长时间的强降水,使得稻飞虱发生期中:(1)冬春季中南半岛的干旱致使稻飞虱虫源数量下降;(2)我国南方汛期雨量偏多,对稻飞虱的北迁形成阻滞;(3)暴雨和洪涝使田间稻飞虱卵和若虫数量难以增长;(4)夏季持续高温压制了稻飞虱种群增长。【结论】极端气候事件对稻飞虱的影响不仅与事件本身性质相关,而且期间的某些短期天气事件也是影响稻飞虱种群动态的重要因素。[ Aim ] The objective of this research is to determine the influence of E1 Nifio on the occurrence of rice planthoppers in China, so as to illustrate the occurrence regularity of rice planthoppers under extreme weather. [ Methods ] The northward migration processes of rice planthoppers in the next year （2016） after an event of E1 Nifio were analyzed based on the data of the weather over the East Asia migration field and population sizes of rice planthoppers monitored by light traps. The light trap catches of rice planthoppers in nine provinces of southeast China in the latest decade were statistically analyzed. Grid Analysis and Display System （GRADS） was used to visualize the weather processes during the migration of rice planthoppers. HYSPLIT trajectory analysis platform was used to simulate the endpoints of an emigration event of rice planthoppers from their population source areas. The essential weather processes in the source areas of Indo-China Peninsula to the main damage regions of the Yangtze River Delta were analyzed, and their effects on the secondary environmental factors were discussed. [ Results] The 2015 - 2016 E1 Nifio was one of the strongest events since 1980s. This event resulted in significant influences on the weather of East and Southeast Asia. It caused the unprecedented worst drought in Indo-China Peninsula, and heavy rain and floods in the south and east of China. It was found that ： 1 ） the drought of Indo-China Peninsula in winter-spring brought about the decrease of the number of rice planthoppers in this area which would migrate to China; 2） the heavy rainfall in the south of China led to a barrier for rice planthoppers to migrate from south to north; 3 ） the waterlogging induced by rainfall made the number of eggs and nymphs in the fields hardly rise; and 4 ） high temperature in summer prevented planthopper population outbreaks. [ Conclusion ] The impacts of this E1 Nifio on rice planthoppers are not only related to the own property of this extreme meteorological ev

关 键 词：稻飞虱 种群暴发 厄尔尼诺 极端气候 干旱 洪涝 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]