中国沉积盆地深层构造地质学的研究进展与展望  

Advances and challenge of structural geology of deep sedimentary basins in China

作　　者：何登发[1] 李德生[2] 王成善[3] 李传新[1] 何金有[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [3]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2017年第3期219-233,共15页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41430316;40739906);面上项目(41272237)

摘　　要：研究盆地深层的构造地质学,是应用现代的地球系统科学理论和地球物理学、地球化学与地质学的方法综合研究盆地深部的物质组成、地质结构及其形成演化过程,探讨资源、能源矿产分布的构造控制规律。中国的沉积盆地多为叠合盆地,叠合盆地深层的原型及其构造-古地理演化、建造与改造的动力学过程、构造演化对油气成藏条件的控制作用是我国石油构造学家研究的核心内容。经过半个多世纪的艰苦努力,我国学者在这一领域取得重要进展,建立了前陆型、坳陷型、断陷型、走滑型等叠合盆地的4种基本类型,深入研究了它们的地质结构,开展了其原型盆地恢复与构造-古地理重建,探讨了盆-山耦合关系及其对盆地深层结构的控制作用。通过对盆地深层进行多期叠加构造解析开展三维构造建模,研究了盆地深层温度场、压力场、应力场及其耦合特点。在研究思路、研究方法与技术手段上都取得重要突破,深层构造地质学逐渐完善。回顾历史,对比中外,我国盆地深层的构造学研究在基础理论与实际需求方面仍有较大差距,需要在盆地发育的构造环境、深部背景、形成演化过程以及地质结构方面进行深入探索,在活动论构造-古地理、三维构造复原、岩石流变分析与四维动态模拟方面取得实质性突破。通过大力培养创新人才、选准研究突破方向、提升技术储备与开展扎实基础工作,可望取得深层构造地质学的战略突破。One of the aim of structural geology is to study the deep sedimentary basins; it applies the theory of modern earth system sciences and utilizes the comprehensive methods of geophysics, geochemistry, and geology to the study of the material composition, geological structures, and processes of the formation and evolution of deep-layers of sedimentary basin, and to the exploration of the structural controls upon its energy resources and mineral deposits distribution. The sedimentary basins in China are predominated by the superimposed basins in nature. As far as the deep-layers of sedimentary basin is concerned, its proto-type, evolution of tectono-paleo-geography, dynamic processes of formation and modification, and controlling of tectonic evolution on the conditions of deep-seated oil and gas pool-formation are the key study areas for petroleum structural geologists. After more than a half century of exploration, researchers in China made lots of important advances in the above-mentioned areas. They recognized four basic types of superimposed basins such as foreland-, depression-, faulted-sag-, and strike-slip-types, restored the proto-type sedimentary hasins of different ages, reconstructed the tectono-paleo-geographic evolution, explored the relationships between the basins and the adjacent orogenic belt and its key controls on the structure and framework of the deep basins, built the 3-D structure models by analysis of the multi-period of structural superimposition, and studied the stress-field, the geo-temperature field, the geo-pressure field and their interactive processes. The structural geology on deep basins made progresses in the study thinking, the research methodology and the according technologies and got to a mature science. Looking back on the study history and making a comparison between home and aboard, the structural geology on deep basins in China has a marked lag than western countries on theories and practical needs, and it is needed to explore heavily on the tectonic setting and deep regime

关 键 词：深层 构造地质学 叠合盆地 流变学 构造解析 油气分布 

分 类 号：P544.4[天文地球—构造地质学] P542.5[天文地球—地质学]