放射性废液中钚的耐辐射真菌吸附分离研究  

Study on Sorption and Separation of Plutonium from Radioactive Waste Liquid by Radiation-resistant Fungi

作　　者：徐辉[1,2] 王耀芹[2] 王卫宪[2] 韩小元[2] 梁威[2] 翟秀芳[2] 李伟平[2] 王玮[3] 孙应龙[1] 李磊[1] 袁超[1] 王邦达 王毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [2]西北核技术研究所,陕西西安710024 [3]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2017年第5期775-782,共8页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：863计划资助项目(2012AA063503)

摘　　要：快速、高效、经济地清除放射性污染是核应急处置、污染场址修复的重点研究内容。从放射性污染土壤中提取、遴选出3种耐辐射真菌F3、F7和F16,研究了其对钚的吸附分离性能。3种真菌在弱酸性(pH=0.0~4.2)溶液中对钚均有较强的吸附,吸附率随溶液pH值的增大而升高。25℃下,10 m L pH值1.0溶液中10 ng/m L的钚几乎可被3种真菌完全吸附(吸附率>95%),实测F3、F7和F16对钚的平衡吸附容量分别为(11 747±539)、(17 890±757)、(11 946±477)ng/g(干菌),平衡时间约为30 min。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,主要受体扩散、粒内扩散等过程控制。以0.5 mol/L的Na HCO3为解吸剂,可定量回收吸附于微生物上的钚;用3种真菌吸附回收放化实验室高盐度放射性废液中的钚,全程回收率大于99%。The remediation of radioactive contamination in a quick, effective and eco- nomic mode is an important content in the field of nuclear emergencies and restoration of contaminated sites. In this paper, three kinds of radiation-resistant fungi, i.e. F3, F7 and F16, were separated and screened from a radioactive contaminated soil, and their soprtion performance for plutonium in aqueous solution was investigated. The results show that the three kinds of fungi have high sorption rate in pH=0.0-4.2 aqueous solution and increase with pH. At pH= 1.0, 10 ng/mL plutonium in the aqueous solution is almost entirely absorbed （sorption rate〉95%） at 25 ℃ with equilibrium sorption capacity of （11 747±539）, （17 890±757） and （11 946±477） ng/g thalli （dry weight） for F3, F7 and F16 respectively within 30 rain. Controlled by bulk diffusion and intra- particle diffusion process, the sorption process fits the pseudo-second-order kinetic mod- el and Langmuir isotherm. Plutonium in the fungi can be quantificationally desorbed by 0.5 mol/L NaHCOa. More than 99% of plutonium is reclaimed by these fungi used for treatment of the high salinity radioactive waste liquid from a radiochemical laboratory.

关 键 词：真菌 钚 吸附 回收 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]