低能耗绿色建筑中针对被动式太阳能技术应用评价方法研究  

Assessment Method of Passive Solar Technologies for Low-energy Green Buildings

作　　者：郑峥[1,2] 王立雄[1] 郭娟利[1] 张文[3] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学天津市建筑物理与生态技术重点实验室,天津300072 [2]新加坡国立大学建筑系,新加坡117566 [3]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072

出　　处：《建筑节能》2017年第5期65-70,共6页BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(513300246);国家留学基金委(国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目)

摘　　要：建筑作为人类文明最重要的产物之一,在全球范围内消耗约40%的一次能源,排放约30%温室气体。在全球能源危机与气候问题的背景下,应采取积极措施减少和取代化石燃料的消耗,同时又不能降低建成环境的舒适度水平。实际上,为实现建筑的"开源""节流"并举的目标,提高建筑能源效率与应用可再生能源的建筑技术已经在建筑领域取得诸多成就。被动式太阳能建筑技术是指通过建筑朝向的合理选择和周围环境的合理布置,内部空间和外部形体的巧妙处理,以及建筑材料和构造的恰当选择,使其在冬季能够收集、储存并使用太阳能,辅助建筑的采暖;同时在夏季通过采取遮阳、自然通风等措施又能屏蔽太阳辐射,帮助室内散热,从而辅助建筑的降温。常见的被动式太阳能建筑技术,例如直接受益太阳能系统、间接受益太阳能系统、独立太阳能系统已经被广泛应用于各类建筑之中。但是,通过综述美国LEED与德国En EV,以及我国《绿色建筑评价标准》与《被动式超低能耗绿色建筑技术导则》等评价体系的相关调研情况发现,在现行的绿色建筑、低能耗建筑评价标准中,太阳能利用的评价方法是以主动式技术应用为基础的,并未全面考虑被动式太阳能建筑技术的贡献率问题。针对此问题,通过分析评价原则与目标、评价指标性质、核心评价指标遴选,提出一种低能耗绿色建筑中针对被动式太阳能贡献率问题的评价方法,以相对太阳能贡献率概念,应对我国太阳能资源分配不均的问题,并提出评价被动式太阳能建筑技术的算法。最后对评价结果的交流、弹性与适应性进行了讨论。并以一栋坐落于中国天津的绿色建筑为例。天津属于太阳能采暖适宜气候区A区,《被动式太阳能建筑技术规范》中的太阳能贡献率参考值为20%。在室内设计温度设置为18℃的情况下,若通过实测计�As one of the most important products of human civilization, buildings all around the world consume and emit a significant amount of energy and carbon dioxide, which are about 40% of the total primary energy resources and 30%of greenhouse gas emission, respectively. In the global context of energy crisis and environmental issues, it is time to look into these problems, to reduce and replace fossil fuels without compromising the comfort conditions of built environment. Actually, concerted efforts have been carried out to improve building energy efficiency and apply renewable energy technology in building sector, and to achieve reduction of building energy consumption and addition of building energy supply simultaneously. Passive solar building technologies refer to the reasonable choice of building orientation, the rational arrangement of surrounding environment, the ingenious handling of internal space and external body, and the proper choice of materials and structures, to collect, store and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter, and to reject, shield and disperse solar radiation in the form of cool in the summer. As the representative technologies of passive solar building technologies, direct solar system, indirect solar system and isolated solar system have already been applied to various building types. However, this paper reviews the mainstreaming Green Building and Low - energy Building assessment standards currently both at home and abroad, such as American LEED （Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design ）, Germany EnEV （Energieeinsparverordnung） , ＂Assessment Standard for Green Building（ GB/T 50378 ） ＂ and ＂Technical Guideline for Passive Ultra - low Energy Green Building＂ in China, and finds that the assessment method of solar energy utilization is based on active technology application in these assessment standards, and does not fully consider the contribution rate of passive solar building technologies in the current green building and low energy buildin

关 键 词：低能耗绿色建筑 可再生能源 被动式太阳能利用 相对太阳能贡献率 评价方法 

分 类 号：TU119[建筑科学—建筑理论]