滇西北剑湖湿地海菜花(Ottelia acuminata)群落物种组成及种群分布格局  

Species composition and distribution patterns of Ottelia acuminata community in Lake Jianhu,northwestern Yunnan

作　　者：李宁云[1,2] 陈玉惠[3] 胡金明[1] 刘朝蓬 李靖[3] 敖新宇[3] 雷然[3] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学,昆明650091 [2]云南省林业科学院,昆明650201 [3]西南林业大学,昆明650224 [4]国家高原湿地研究中心,昆明650224

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2017年第3期687-695,共9页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(2011FB130);国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2010CB434807)联合资助

摘　　要：群落物种组成及种群分布格局特征是揭示种群发展趋势及与环境相互关系的基础.以滇西北剑湖湿地海菜花群落为对象,采用样方法与扩散系数法对其物种组成与种群分布格局进行研究.结果表明:群落共有物种18种,分属12科、14属,包括沉水、漂浮、浮叶及湿生4类生活型;海菜花(Ottelia acuminata)、豆瓣菜(Nasturtium officinale)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)和草茨藻(Najas graminea)呈集群分布,其余种群呈随机分布;海菜花种群个体间拥挤效应最大,种内竞争最为激烈.保育海菜花种源、开展流域和生境治理以减缓湖泊沼泽化进程,是目前剑湖海菜花群落保护的当务之急.Ottelia acuminata is listed in Yunnan Province Protected Plants （Class Ⅲ） as a rare and endangered plant species. Ottel- ia acuminata community used to be a dominant community type in Yunnan＇s plateau lakes, but it is only found in a limited number of lakes nowadays with its observable changing characteristics. In the present study, species composition and distribution patterns of the community in Lake Jianhu were studied, with plot method and dispersal coefficient method in order to understand the development trend of the population, the relationship between its distribution pattern and environmental factors, and to provide some scientific ba- sis for the protection of Ottelia acuminata and plateau lakes. The results showed that the community was composed of 18 species be- longing to 12 families and 14 genera, with submerged type, free-floating type, floating-leaved type and hygrophyte as four major life forms. The distribution pattern of Ottelia acuminata , Nasturtium officinale , Potamogeton malaianus and Najas graminea was clumpy, while other species were randomly distributed. ＂Crowding effect＂in Ottelia acuminata population was the highest among all species, which indicated the intense intraspecific competition. Ex-situ conservation, basin maintenance and habitat management are some promising approaches to effectively slow down lake swamping process and conserve Ottelia acuminata community.

关 键 词：物种组成 种群分布格局 海菜花群落 湖泊沼泽化 剑湖湿地 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]