祁连山高寒草原醉马草防除后优良牧草补播的土草效应  

Effect of soil tillage on reseeded high quality forages after controlling Achnatherum inebrians in alpine grassland

作　　者：马和 康建军 张洋东 朱丽 谈嫣蓉 邴丹珲 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省林业科学研究院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第5期1072-1081,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"黄河源区(玛曲)沙化草地褐鳞苔草阻固沙机理研究"(31360087)

摘　　要：本研究以我国北方天然草地毒草醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)为研究对象,在甘肃省肃南县大河乡公路两侧对其种群数量较大的区域开展了草甘磷和重耙对比灭杀试验;在此基础上,采用随机区组试验设计,选择补播的优良牧草种类,总结了草地补播改良效果以及技术。结果表明,10%草甘磷防除效果超过98%,推荐使用剂量150~190g·667m^(-2)为宜;重耙灭杀醉马草防除效果超过90%,推荐重耙措施为30cm深度为宜。退化草地补播改良结果表明,浅翻耕条播、浅翻耕撒播、行内松土补播牧草的组合Ⅴ[垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)1kg·667m^(-2)+紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)0.5kg·667 m^(-2)+草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)0.3kg·667 m^(-2)+小冠花(Coronilla varia)0.2kg·667m^(-2)]和组合Ⅵ[垂穗披碱草1kg·667m^(-2)+紫羊茅0.5kg·667m^(-2)+草地早熟禾0.2kg·667m^(-2)+小冠花0.3kg·667m^(-2)]的成活率分别为85%和73%,91%和87%,87%和75%,表现出较强的适应性。退化草地牧草补播的最适宜播种深度为1~4cm,当播种深度为0和4~8cm时,出苗率和成活率均较低。与不动土撒播相比,浅翻耕条播、行内松土补播牧草的组合Ⅴ和Ⅵ可有效改善土壤养分状况,使补播牧草高度、密度及生物量显著增加,可以在天然退化草地的生态恢复中推广应用。In this study, the widely distributed poisonous weed Achnatherum inebrians in a natural degraded grassland of Gansu Province, northwest China （both sides of the road in Dahe Township, Sunan County） was selected as the experiment material. Following a randomized block experimental design, we treated the experi- mental plots with glyphosate and heavy-duty harrow to compare their controlling effects on A. inebrians. Fol- lowing this, high quality forages were selected to reseed these plots and growth improving technology were ap- plied under field conditions. The results indicated that the 10% glyphosate treatment was able to control more than 98% of theA. inebrians, and the 150-190 g 667 m-2 ofglyphosate treatment was economically appro- priate. The controlling effect of heavy harrow on A. inebrians was more than 90%, and the 30 cm depth of heavy harrow was appropriate. The germination rate of reseeding combinations V [-（Elyrnus nutans 1 kg 667 m-2） ＋ （Festuca rubra 0.5 kg 667 m-2） ＋ （Poa pratensis 0.3 kg 667 m-2） ＋ （Coronilla varia 0.2 kg 667 m-2） and＋V[ [（E. nutans 1 kg 667 m-2） ＋（F. rubra 0.5 kg 667 m-2） ＋ （p. pratensis 0.2 kg 667 m-2） 4- （C. varia 0.3 kg 667 m-2） ]under shallow tillage sowing, shallow tillage drilling and loos- en the soil treatment were 85% and 73%, 91% and 87%, and 87% and 75%, respectively, which indicated combination V and VI strong adaptability. When the reseeding depths were 0 cm and 4-8 cm, the germination rate and survival rate were lower when compared to 144 cm depth, indicating this was the most appropriate depth for reseeding. Compared with control treatment, the shallow tillage drilling and loosening the soil treat- ments for the reseeding combinations g and VI effectively improved the soil nutrient status, and increased the grass height, density, and biomass and are worth applying in ecological restoration of degraded natural grass- land.

关 键 词：退化草地 草甘膦 重耙 补播改良 生态恢复 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]