稻-麦连作和稻-休耕农田植物物种多样性的比较  

Comparison of plant species diversity in continuous rice-wheat and rice-fallow systems

作　　者：吴芸紫 刘章勇[2] 蒋哲[2] 杨梅[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第5期1090-1099,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(十三五粮丰增效科技创新)(2016YFD0300208-04);长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF201610)

摘　　要：为揭示休耕对农田生态系统植物群落和物种多样性的影响,以稻-麦连作和稻-休耕系统为研究对象,研究田内、田埂和沟渠3种生境的物种组成和多样性特征。结果表明,1)稻-麦连作系统植物由28科58属64种组成,多年生植物占39.1%;休耕系统植物由32科68属76种组成,多年生植物占52.6%;2)休耕显著提高了物种丰富度(P=0.021)和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(P=0.006),但是稻-麦连作和稻-休耕系统之间的Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数没有显著差异(P=0.318,P=0.844);3)无论稻-麦连作还是稻-休耕系统,田埂生境中各多样性指数最高;但在休耕系统中,田埂和田内各多样性指数均没有显著差异;4)样方去趋势对应分析(detrended correspondence analysis,DCA)排序明确揭示了连作和休耕系统样地基本分离,且休耕期田内和田埂植物群落组成相似。休耕可降低作物生境和非作物生境的植物组成差异,促进农田生态系统植物物种多样性。To explore the effect of fallow on weed community and species diversity in farm ecosystem, species composition and diversity were investigated in the interior, field bund, and drainage ditch of continuous rice-- wheat and rice--fallow systems. The results showed that, 1） 64 species （58 genera belonging to 28 families） were distributed in continuous rice--wheat system with 39.1% perennial plants, while 76 species （32 families belonging to 68 genera） were distributed in rice--fallow system with 52.6% perennial plants; 2） Fallow signifi- cantly increased species richness （P =0.021）and Shannon-Wiener diversity index（P =0.006）, but the difference of Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness （P =0.318）index were not significant（P =0.844）, between the two systems; 3） The species index in field bund were higher than that in interior and drainage ditch of both systems, which showed the importance of non-crop habitats for maintaining biodiversity, but no significant differences were found between the margin and interior of rice--fallow system; 4） The results of DCA clearly reflected the distribution range of various community types. Almost all rice--wheat communities were separa- ted from rice--fallow communities, and community composition were similar between interior and field bund in the fallow period. These results reveal that fallow can reduce the difference of species composition between crop and non-crop habitats and effectively improve the plant biodiversity level of farm ecosystem.

关 键 词：稻-麦连作 稻-休耕 DCA排序 物种丰富度 优势度指数 物种多样性指数 生境 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] S34