玉米播种机水平圆盘排种器型孔设计与试验  

Design and experiment of horizontal disc seed metering device for maize seeder

作　　者：刘艳芬[1,2] 林静[1] 李宝筏[1] 马铁[1] 宋健鹏[1] 田阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110866 [2]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,青岛266109

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第8期37-46,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51275318);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503116-09)

摘　　要：为满足水平圆盘排种器在高速条件下的精密排种要求,从排种器的工作原理出发,对排种盘型孔的结构形状和尺寸进行分析,设计出一种带倒角的周边式倾斜长方形型孔的水平圆盘排种器。为了得到排种器的最佳性能参数,以排种器转速、型孔倒角长度、型孔倾角为试验因素,以排种合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标进行三元二次回归正交旋转组合试验,建立试验指标与试验因素间的数学模型。应用响应面法对回归方程进行多目标优化,得到最佳参数为:排种器转速为33 r/min,倒角长度为7 mm,型孔倾角为61°,此时排种的合格指数为92.47%,重播指数为3.56%,漏播指数为3.97%。在最优参数组合下,台架试验验证排种器的排种合格指数为92.13%,重播指数为4.01%,漏播指数为3.86%,田间验证试验表明,当排种器转速调整为33 r/min时,其线速度为0.41 m/s,播种机组前进速度为8.6 km/h,水平圆盘排种器的播种性能指标满足单粒精密播种的农艺要求,且对不同品种的玉米种子具有良好的适应性。该研究可为机械式精密排种器的优化设计提供理论参考。Seed metering device as the core component of seeding machine, plays a vital role in seeding performance of a seeder. At present, most of the corn seeder in Northeast China use pneumatic seed metering device or finger-clamping metering device which is accurate but expensive, while horizontal disc seed metering device has the advantages of easy falling into the hole, simple structure and low price, but it＇s not suitable for high seeding speed. To meet the precision seeding requirements under high speed conditions, the working principle of the metering device was analyzed. As corn accurate seeding requires uni-grain, i.e. into each hole only a seed, the state of the seed falling into the hole can only be side lying or side standing. By studying the shape and size of flat corn seeds used in Northeast China, longitudinal rectangular holes adequate for flat seeds were determined with specific size of 11 mm length, 6 mm width and 6 mm depth. Combined with stress analysis and kinematic analysis, a seed metering disc with inclination hole and small fillet chamfer, which was suitable for high working speed, was designed. Small fillet on the rear edge was bound to accelerate the speed of seeds falling into holes, so as to improve the filling rate of the holes. Front chamfer and side chamfer of the holes on seeding disc could effectively improve the relative speed of seeds, and it made the nearby seeds more stable and more efficient to fall into the holes. Inclination hole was a type of hole which was opposite to the rotation direction of the seed metering disc. When the seeds fell from the filling hole, the force at the vertical direction it suffered not only contained its own gravity, but also the component of vertical downward force given by the reverse slope of the inclined holes. The vertical force could ensure the seed to drop from the holes to the guide tube effectively. It changed the way of the traditional horizontal disc metering device relying solely on seed gravity free falling movement, and ensured the seedin

关 键 词：农业机械 种子 设计 响应面法 水平圆盘排种器 参数优化 试验 回归方程 

分 类 号：S233.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]