3GY-1920型宽幅水田中耕除草机的设计与试验  

Design and test of 3GY-1920 wide-swath type weeding-cultivating machine for paddy

作　　者：齐龙[1,2] 赵柳霖 马旭[1,2] 崔宏伟[1] 郑文汉 芦玉龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第8期47-55,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51575195);广东省自然科学基金(2015A030313402);广东省科技计划项目(2014B020207003);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CASRS-01-33);广州市珠江科技新星专项(2014J2200041)

摘　　要：为了提高机械除草的作业效率、降低地头频繁调头引起的伤苗率,该文研制了3GY-1920型宽幅水田中耕除草机。该机由12 k W水田拖拉机提供动力,工作幅宽为5.7 m,一次作业可覆盖6行插秧机3个行程的作业宽度,并配备了4个双作用液压缸,控制整个机架的展开闭合与除草轮位置的横向调节。该文结合水田土壤特性和现有除草部件的特点,通过对除草轮的运动学与显式动力学仿真分析,设计并优化了螺旋刀齿式样除草轮,该除草轮通过与土壤及杂草的剪切、翻耕作用实现中耕除草作业。田间除草试验结果表明:在机具不同前进速度(0.3、0.6、0.9 m/s)和除草轮入土深度(3、6、9 cm)条件下,该机平均除草率为82%,伤苗率为4.8%;根据机具作业速度和幅宽可知该机作业效率为0.6~1.8 hm2/h;整机工作性能和作业效率满足水稻田机械中耕除草作业的技术要求。机械除草与化学除草产量对比试验结果表明:在试验区域内,机械除草产量高于化学除草,该研究可为中耕除草对水稻田产量的影响提供参考。In order to improve the mechanical weeding efficiency and reduce the injury rate of seedling caused by frequent swerve at the end of the field, a wide-swath machine, named 3GY-1920 type wide-swath weeder, was designed for intertillage and weeding in paddy field. This weeding machine driven by the paddy tractor mounted relevant components including the wide-swath adjustable frame, the hydraulic control system, the weeding unit and profiling mechanisms. To match triple working widths of ride style high-speed rice transplanter, this weeder was equipped with 19 weeding rolls. The working width was designed to be 5.4 m according to line spacing of rice seeding, which was normally 0.3 m. As the transplanter could not follow one path line in 3 different processes, the whole frame was divided into 3 parts including the left-side frame, the right-side frame and the bearing frame. A hydraulic system, including oil pump, different types of electromagnetic valves, hand valve, 4 hydraulic cylinders, relief valve, throttle valves and so on, were equipped to control the 4 single-rod double-acting hydraulic cylinders, which could adjust the frames to fold or unfold for transportation or weeding, and the real-time motion of rolls on the side frames. The weeding roll was designed as the spiral cutter weeding roll referring to the existing rollers and the bearing capacity and shearing strength of paddy. And the different parameters for weeding roils such as the working resistance and the capacity to damage soil were tested with the explicit finite element software ANSYS/LSDYNA. The weeding roll was composed of 6 cutters; every cutter was sharpened and rotated around the axis by 720° and welded into the reel. A spring type profiling mechanism was also designed and applied to ensure the stable working depth. The installation height and working depth of weeding machine were adjusted before weeding so as to avoid injuring the plants due to the difference of the size of the rice seedlings. When the weeding machine moved forward at a ce

关 键 词：农业机械 试验 设计 水稻 机械除草 宽幅除草机 螺旋刀齿 

分 类 号：S224.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]