“积极面子”与“消极面子”——历史语用学视角下莎士比亚戏剧中的主仆关系  

Positive Face and Negative Face: The Analysis of Fool-master Relationship in Shakespeare's Plays from the Perspective of Historical Pragmatics

作　　者：张欢雨[1] 

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院外国语学院,江苏常熟215500

出　　处：《浙江外国语学院学报》2017年第3期11-16,44,共7页Journal of Zhejiang International Studies University

摘　　要：莎士比亚戏剧中刻画的小丑形象具有双重身份特征:他们既是权贵的弄臣,又充当仆人。这样的双重身份造成了莎剧中主仆关系的复杂性和矛盾性。历史语用学的研究可以揭示这种矛盾性的深层次成因,文章运用面子理论对主仆之间的对话进行语用分析,发现主仆关系的矛盾性源自于王公贵族对积极面子和消极面子所采取的截然不同的态度:能容忍积极面子受到攻击,但绝不允许消极面子受到威胁,即小丑可以批评他们,但却无法影响他们的任何决定,如果小丑违背其意志,坚持越界,他们会毫不犹豫地进行惩戒。Fools portrayed in Shakespeare＇s plays are equipped with dual identities：a fool can be both a clown and a servant. This double identity largely contributes to the complex and contradictory fool-master re- lationship. Historical pragmatics can be applied to reveal the underlying cause of this contradiction through pragmatic analysis of the exchange between fools and masters with the help of face theory. It is concluded that the contradictory nature of fool-master relationship derives from masters＇ opposing attitudes towards posi- tive face and negative face. They can tolerate the attack on their positive face, but the negative face is not to be threatened：the clowns are allowed and even encouraged to criticize their masters,but fools can never in- fluence their decision. If, against their will,the fools try to cross the line, masters will never hesitate to punish them.

关 键 词：历史语用学 主仆关系 积极面子 消极面子 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]