中南阿拉斯加火山特征分析  

Analysis of the volcanic features in Southcentral Alaska

作　　者：大卫.卡尔.施耐德 戴长雷[2,3] 杨朝晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿拉斯加大学安克雷奇分校,阿拉斯加州安克雷奇99508 [2]黑龙江大学寒区地下水研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [3]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《黑龙江水利》2017年第3期16-21,共6页

基　　金：中科院寒旱所冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLFSE201310);国家自然科学基金项目(1202171)

摘　　要：火山对当地地质地貌的塑造具有很大的作用,通过研究阿拉斯加中南部的火山特征有助于进一步了解中南阿拉斯加的地质构造以及构造运动。在梳理火山成因以及中南阿拉斯加火山分布情况的前提下,对阿拉斯加中南部地区的火山特征进行了分析。指出:(1)从地质年龄的角度看,库克湾火山群的火山都很年轻,所有的火山都不到200万年,且最年轻的圣奥古斯汀火山才不到1.9万年,虽然年轻,但是除了海耶斯火山以外,库克湾地区的其他所有火山都很活跃。(2)兰格尔火山群与库克湾火山群差别很大,兰格尔火山群是阿拉斯加最老的活火山,它们可以追溯到500万~1000万年前的中新世,而且兰格尔火山群近期远不如库克湾火山群活跃。(3)科珀河(铜河)流域还分布着大量的泥火山,热水将细黏土沉积物从地下带到地表,形成大量的泥浆。这些泥浆的中心地区一般没有植物生长,泥火山当中最高的那座有300英尺高。除了这些泥火山之外,在格伦纳伦以西约10英里的地方,还有一座数十英尺高、面积达数百平方米的泥火山。volcanoes plays an important role on shaping the local geological landscape. Studying volcanic features in Southcentral Alaska can help further understand its geological structure. The paper analyzes the volcanic features in Southcentral Alaska on the basis of combing volcanic formation and its distribution. It points out. （1）The volcanoes are geologically young, all are less than 2 million years old, and Mount Augustine, the youngest, is no more than 19000 years old. All of the volcanoes in the Cook Inter region, with the exception of Hayes, are active; （2）The Wrangell volcanoes are considerably different from the Cook Inter volcanoes. They are the oldest active volcanoes in Alaska, dating to 5 or 10 million years ago in the Miocene Epoch and they are not nearly as active as though in the Cook Inter region; （3）A number of mud volcanoes inhabit the Copper River Basin. Warm water brings fine clay sediment from underground to the surface, building large mounds of mud. The center of these are usually free of vegetation. The tallest of these is 300 feet high. Another mud volcano which is a few dozen feet high and a several hundred square yards in area lies about 10 miles west of Glennallen.

关 键 词：火山 地质 兰格尔火山群 库克湾火山群 中南阿拉斯加 

分 类 号：P317[天文地球—固体地球物理学]