不同年份小麦匀播与播种量对麦棉套作小麦产量构成的影响  

Effects of broadcasting and seeding rates on wheat yield components in different years under wheat-cotton intercropping system

作　　者：王树林[1] 王国平[2] 王燕[1] 张谦[1] 冯国艺[1] 雷晓鹏[1] 林永增[1] 梁青龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第5期305-311,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：科技部支撑计划项目(2013BAD05B00);农业部行业专项(201503121)

摘　　要：[目的]试验确定麦棉套作模式下小麦适宜的播种方式与播量。[方法]于2014-2015年与2015-2016年在曲周试验站,采用裂区设计,主因素为播种方式(匀播(Y)与条播(T)2个水平),副因素为播量(187.5kg·hm^(-2)(R1)、225.0kg·hm^(-2)(R2)、262.5kg·hm^(-2)(R3)和300.0kg·hm^(-2)(R4)4个水平),调查小麦的基本苗、单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重与产量。[结果]匀播有利于提高小麦的内行穗数、穗粒数、千粒重与产量,边行穗数在干旱年型(2016年)显著低于条播,而千粒重显著高于条播,其它产量性状与条播差异不大,平均产量匀播在2015年、2016年分别较条播提高5.1%与5.7%;随播量增加单位面积穗数呈增加趋势,穗粒数、千粒重呈下降趋势,在多雨年型降低播量有利于产量提高,在干旱年型增加播量有利于产量形成,小麦播量在225.0~262.5kg·hm^(-2)时产量稳定性较好。[结论]在麦棉套作模式下,采用匀播技术,播量控制在225.0~262.5kg·hm^(-2)间最为适宜。[Objective] This study aimed to determine the optimum sowing method and seeding rates for wheat under wheat-cotton intercropping system. [Methods] The experiments were conducted in Quzhou station during 2014--2015 and 2015--2016. A split plot experiment involving two sowing methods（broadcasting and drilling） and four seeding rates（187.5kg, hm^-2 , 225.0kg. hm^-2, 262.5kg- hm^-2 , 300.0 kg. hm^-2 ） was designed and basic seedlings, spike number per unit area, wheat grains per ear, thousand-grain weight and yield were investigated. [Results] The spike number per unit area, wheat grains per ear, thousand-grain weight and yield of broadcasting were increased significantly for inner rows compared with drilling. The spike number per unit area was decreased but thousand-grain weight was increased greatly of broadcasting for marginal rows in drought year（2016）, and the other yield traits were almost equal to drilling. The yield of broadcasting was increased by 5.1% and 5.7% compared with drilling in 2015 and 2016 re- spectively. With the increase of seeding rates the spike number per unit area increased but wheat grains per ear and thousand-grain weight decreased, and in rainy year decreasing seeding rates was favorable to yield but in drought year increasing seeding rates was beneficial to yield. The wheat yield was stable when seeding rate was from 225.0 kg.hm^-2 to 262.5 kg.hm^-2. [Conclusion] Adopting broadcasting with seeding rate from 225.0 kg.hm^-2 to 262.5 kg.hm^-2 was appropriate for wheat-cotton intercropping system.

关 键 词：麦棉套作 匀播 条播 产量构成 

分 类 号：S512.104[农业科学—作物学]