干旱荒漠螨类和跳虫对降雨的响应  

Short-term Responses of Mites and Springtails to Precipitation in An Arid Desert Ecosystem

作　　者：刘继亮[1] 李锋瑞[1] 赵文智[1] 孙特生[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所临泽内陆河流域研究站/内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]西北师范大学,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2017年第3期439-445,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41201248;41471210);中国科学院西部之光博士项目(Y529881001)

摘　　要：目前关于降水变化如何影响和调控荒漠土壤动物分布及多样性的形成与维持生态学机制的认识非常有限。通过对自然降雨后红砂和泡泡刺灌丛下螨类和跳虫群落的动态监测,揭示荒漠小型节肢动物群落组成及多样性对降雨变化的响应规律。结果表明:干季降雨对两种灌木下小型节肢动物、螨类和跳虫数量及类群丰富度影响较小,而湿季降雨对两种灌木下螨类和跳虫数量及类群丰富度影响较大。如7月24.8 mm和8月6.8 mm降雨后两种灌木下小型节肢动物群落、螨类和跳虫的数量及类群丰富度均显著高于5月4.0 mm、6月14.8 mm和6.6 mm的降雨。6月14.8 mm和6.6 mm降雨后两种灌木下小型节肢动物群落在第2天和3天出现峰值;而7月24.8 mm降雨后两种灌木下小型节肢动物群落均呈现先降低后增加的模式;8月6.8 mm降雨后红砂灌丛下小型节肢动物群落呈降低的趋势,而泡泡刺灌丛下小型节肢动物群落变化较小。泡泡刺灌丛下螨类数量及类群丰富度均高于红砂灌丛,而两种灌木下跳虫数量及类群丰富度相差较小,这可能会影响湿季荒漠小型节肢动物群落对自然降雨变化的响应模式。In the arid desert ecosystems, natural precipitation may have an important impact on the distribu- tion pattern of desert microarthropods. However, our knowledge on the influence of precipitation changes on the distribution, composition and diversity of desert microarthropod community remains limited. We in- vestigated the affected by natural precipitation changes in the activity density and taxa richness of microar- thropods beneath Reaumuria songarica shrubs and Nitraria sphaerocarpa shrubs in an arid desert ecosys- tem. The results of this study showed that precipitation events strongly impacted on microarthropod, mite and springtail community in wet season （July and August）, while a similar pattern was not found in dry sea- son （May and June）. For example, the abundance and taxa richness of mites, springtails and microarthro- pods after the precipitation event in July and August （July-24.8 mm and August-6.8 ram） were significant higher than in May and June （May-4.0 mm, June-14.8 mm and June-6.6 ram）. Then, the response to mi- croarthropod community beneath R. songarica shrubs to precipitation events were similar to N. sphaero- carpa shrubs, and varied from the season. For example, the peak of the microarthropod community beneath two shrubs response to precipitation events was observed in the second in June-14.8 and the third on June 6. 6, while a decreased at first and then increased trend was found beneath R. songarica shrubs on July-24.8 mm and August-6.8 mm and beneath N. sphaerocarpa shrubs on July-24.8 ram. In addition, we found that the abundance and taxa richness of mite community beneath N. sphaerocarpa shrubs were signif- icant higher than that beneath R. songarica, and no similar pattern was obtained on springtail community, which might structure the pattern of short-term responses of microarthropods to natural precipitation change in wet seasons.

关 键 词：干旱荒漠 降雨 灌木 小型节肢动物 主响应曲线 

分 类 号：Q958.11[生物学—动物学]