施肥对羊草(Leymus chinensis)割草场功能群物种丰富度和重要值的影响  

Effects of Fertilization on Functional Group Species Richness and Important Value in Leymus Chinensis Mowing Meadow

作　　者：代景忠[1] 闫瑞瑞[2] 卫智军[1] 乌仁其其格[3] 辛晓平[2] 刘文亭[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]呼伦贝尔学院生命科学与化学学院,内蒙古海拉尔021008

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2017年第3期453-461,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(2013060)

摘　　要：以呼伦贝尔羊草(Leymus chinensis)草甸天然割草场为研究对象,从植物功能群物种丰富度和重要值的变化来探讨施肥对群落物种多样性的影响机理。运用单、双因素方差分析和直线、曲线回归的方法对相关指标进行统计分析。结果表明:(1)施肥增加会使群落物种的丰富度逐渐降低,这一过程还受到施肥年限的影响。其中,豆科和莎草科功能群物种丰富度对施肥浓度的变化较为敏感(P<0.05);毛茛科和莎草科受施肥年限的影响较大(P<0.05);莎草科和杂草类则受到施肥浓度和施肥年限交互作用的影响(P<0.05)。(2)除莎草科和杂类草功能群外,禾本科、豆科、毛茛科、菊科均受施肥浓度显著影响(P<0.05)。禾本科和菊科的功能群重要值随施肥浓度的增加而上升,而豆科、毛茛科、杂草类则相应地下降。随着施肥年限的增加,禾本科和菊科功能群的重要值增大。(3)功能群重要值对年降雨量的响应较为敏感,干旱环境会使禾本科和豆科功能群的重要值降低,其他功能群重要值增加。各功能群丰富度和重要值对施肥的响应趋势均有不同,在确定合理的施肥量同时,还应充分考虑施肥年限和降水条件,从而实现草地资源的可持续性利用。According to the mowing grassland of the Leymus chinensis meadow steppe in Hulun buir, re- searching the mechanism of community species diversity variation from the plant functional group species richness and the important value based on fertilization. Analyzing relevant indices in different methods in- cluding one-factor/two-factor variance analysis, linear regression and the curve regression. The results showed that： （1） Adding the concentration fertilizer reduced community species richness gradually, which was also affected by the fertilization year. Functional group species richness of Leguminosae and Cyperaceae was sensitive to the variation of fertilization concentration （P〈0.05）; Ranunculaceae and Cyperaceae were influenced significantly by fertilization year （P〈0.05） ; Cyperaceae and weeds were affected by the interac- tive effects both fertilization concentration and fertilization year （P〈0. 05）. （2） In addition to the Cyper- aceae and weeds functional group, there has significant impact on important value of Gramineae, Legumino- sae, Ranunculaceae and Compositae in definite fertilization concentration（P〈0.05）. The functional group important value of Gramineae and Compositae increased with the aggrandized fertilization concentration while the Leguminosae, Ranunculaceae and Weeds decreased accordingly. （3） The response of functional groups important value was sensitive to annual rainfall and the Gramineae, Leguminosae function group im- portant value were reduced in arid environment while the other functional group important value was in- creased accordingly. Because of the different response to the fertilization on functional group richness and important value, we should also give full consideration to the interannual precipitation conditions and fertili- zation year before fertilization in order to achieve the sustainable utilization of grassland resources.

关 键 词：割草场 施肥 功能群 丰富度 重要值 降雨量 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]