“印第安女苦役”形象与19世纪美国白人的印第安人观  

The Image of Squaw Drudge and American White's Thinking of Indian in the Nineteenth Century

作　　者：梁立佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2017年第5期65-72,共8页History Teaching

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年项目"全球史维度下的近代毛皮贸易研究"(项目编号:15YJC770017);中国博士后科学基金项目"俄美公司与近代帝俄在北太平洋殖民活动研究"(项目编号:2016M602051);北华大学博士项目"近代毛皮贸易研究:全球史维度下的近代毛皮贸易研究"(项目编号:202115009)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要："印第安女苦役"形象作为近代西方文化与印第安文化相互碰撞的产物,成为欧洲启蒙思想家论述美洲退化问题的主要论据。而美国政治思想家托马斯·杰斐逊则认为印第安人与欧洲人在体质和心智方面并不存在差异,性别压迫的现象广泛存在于野蛮社会之中,强调唯有在文明社会,所有社会成员的权益才能获得真正的保障。在此基础上,杰斐逊构建起印第安社会野蛮的言论,积极推行印第安人"开化"政策。在19世纪以来美国白人与印第安人矛盾不断激化,以及印第安社会对同化政策持续抵制的特殊历史语境之下,美国白人开始广泛渲染印第安人在体质和心智方面的先天缺陷,将其比作不可救药的低劣种族。至此,杰斐逊基于人类种族间体质和心智平等而构建出的印第安社会野蛮的言论,演化为印第安人体质和心智具有先天缺陷的印第安人种族低劣论,成为白人屠杀和掠夺印第安人的法理基础,对近代美国社会中白人与印第安人之间群体关系的发展产生了深远的影响。The image of Squaw Drudge is the certainly result of the encounter between the Western Culture and the Indian Culture in Modern Time. It became an important fact to support European Enlightenment thinkers＇ theory of America degeneration. But American political thinker Thomas Jefferson believed that there is nothing difference between the Indian and White people on their body and mental, Sexual Abuse is widespread in savage societies. It is only in the civil society, everybody could enjoy their rights. Jefferson built the theory of savage Indian society, and promoted actively to make Indian ＂civilized＂. However, on the time of the increasingly contradicting between Indian and the White, and the fail of government policy, American White people began to render Indian＇s defects both in physical and mental. They called the Indian as Incurable inferior race. As a result, Jefferson＇ s thinking about the equality of all races changed to the different capacity of body and mental of races. The image of Squaw Drudge, Indian savage society and incurable inferior race made up of American White people＇ s idea toward Indian. And this idea played an important role on these two races＇ communication.

关 键 词：印第安人 野蛮 种族主义 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]