空间反应堆Brayton循环的热力学特性  

Thermodynamic analysis of a Brayton cycle system for a space power reactor

作　　者：李智[1] 杨小勇[1] 王捷[1] 张作义[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,先进核能技术协同创新中心,先进反应堆工程与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第5期537-543,549,共8页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家“八六三”高技术项目(2005AA511010);国家科技重大专项(ZX06901)

摘　　要：地面Brayton循环系统具备高效、紧凑的特点,经过优化后,可适用于空间反应堆。该文利用Fortran语言对空间Brayton循环进行数学建模,以循环工质为基础对系统进行改进,对氦氙混合工质下闭式Brayton循环进行热力学分析,讨论混合工质成分变化对Brayton循环的综合影响。研究结果表明:加入氙气降低了Brayton循环热力学性能,循环效率和比功均有降低;但氙气的加入有效降低压气机膨胀功,改善循环气动性能。氦气与氙气在热力性能与气动性能中表现互补,纯氦工质中加入适量氙气可使Brayton循环系统减少压气机、换热器数量,从而具备空间应用的潜力。The land use closed Brayton cycle system has high energy conversion efficiencies in a compact configuration. The Brayton cycle can be used in space nuclear plants with some modifications. This paper uses a mathematical model developed using Fortran computer language for a space Brayton cycle system to optimize the working fluid for power conversion units in a space power reactor to improve the design of space power reactors. The results show that xenon reduces the cycle＇s efficiency and specific power as the xenon mole fraction increases. However, a proper amount of xenon will reduce the enthalpy changes in the turbomachine, which is good for the system＇s aerodynamics. Helium and xenon have complementary advantages for the system＇s thermodynamic and aerodynamic performance. By mixing helium working fluid with appropriateamount of xenon, the Brayton cycle system gives better space reactor designs by decreasing the number of compressors and heat exchangers.

关 键 词：空间反应堆 Brayton循环 氦氙混合气体 热力学分析 

分 类 号：TL411.7[核科学技术—核技术及应用]