纳米陶瓷的研究进展  

Research Progress of Nano-ceramic

作　　者：张强宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南技术工程研究所,重庆400039

出　　处：《表面技术》2017年第5期215-223,共9页Surface Technology

摘　　要：纳米陶瓷是指晶界宽度、晶粒尺寸、缺陷尺寸和第二相分布都在纳米量级上的陶瓷材料,因其克服了传统陶瓷脆性较大的致命缺点,并在超塑性、铁电性能和力学性能等方面具有特殊的性能,而受到人们的广泛关注。综述了纳米陶瓷粉体的制备方法,包括物理合成与化学合成两种方式。物理合成方法消耗较大的能量且设备投资较大,因此纳米陶瓷粉体的制备以化学合成为主。在制备粉体的后期,还需通过加入分散剂和超声等方法来解决其团聚的问题。成型与烧结过程直接影响纳米陶瓷的性能。成型过程包括干法与湿法成型。干法成型简单易行,成体均匀,但容易引入杂质;而湿法成型能最大程度地减少杂质与团聚,但其工艺复杂、条件苛刻。烧结方法分无压烧结和压力烧结。在烧结过程中,如何将颗粒限制在纳米级别上成为各种技术需要攻克的难点。最后,阐述了纳米陶瓷的力学性能、铁电性能和超塑性,并简要介绍其在防护与涂层、生物医学材料和器具等方面的应用与创新。Nano-ceramic refers to ceramic material whose grain boundary width, grain size, defect size and second-phase distribution are all on nanometer scale. Overcoming traditional fatal short comings of ceramic-brittleness, and performing a great role in many aspects including superplasticity, ferroelectric properties and mechanical properties, it has aroused wide concern. Preparation methods of nanometer ceramic powder including physical synthesis and chemical synthesis were reviewed. Since the physical synthesis method consumed a large amount of energy and required a large investment in equipment, powder preparation method was mainly adopted to prepare nanometer ceramic powder. In the late period of powder preparation, dispersants and ultrasound were applied to resolve its agglomeration. Molding and sintering process directly affected the performance of nano ceramic. The molding process included dry and wet process. Dry molding was simple and feasible, and molded samples were homogeneous, but it might introduce impurities easily; wet molding could minimize impurities and agglomeration, but the process was complicated and harsh. The sintering method was divided into pressureless sintering and pressure sintering. During the sintering process, various technicals were faced with the difficulty of limiting the particles in the nano-level. Finally, the mechanical properties, ferroelectric properties and superplasticity of nano ceramic were elaborated, and its application and innovation in the fields of protection and coating, biomedical materials and utensils were briefly introduced.

关 键 词：纳米陶瓷 纳米粉体 烧结与成型 团聚 防护涂层 生物医学 

分 类 号：TG174.453[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]