新滩·新龙滩·兴隆滩——记清末三峡滑坡灾害后的一次地名与聚落演变  

New Beach-New Dragon Beach-Prosperity Beach——On a transformation of one settlement and its name after a landslide in Three Gorges at the end of the Qin Dynasty

作　　者：尹玲玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学历史地理研究中心,上海200234

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2017年第2期88-96,共9页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目"三至十九世纪长江三峡地区的地质灾害及其社会应对研究"(10YJA770064)

摘　　要：光绪二十二年农历八月,重庆口下游的云阳县境内的大帐子山附近发生了一次滑体高达4000多万立方米的特大滑坡,滑入江中的山石等堵塞江流,使这里形成了一个新的急流险潍。这里的地名经历了一个从酝酿、发展到最终定形的过程,也就是由"新滩"到"新龙滩"再到"兴隆滩"的地名蜕变。地名蜕变的起始阶段:因这里是新出现的滩而呼为"新滩",并与原归州地区的新滩区别开来。地名蜕变的第二阶段:在滑坡灾害之前,这里原是一个的平静的水湾,称为"龙中湾",因而在起始阶段的"新滩"一名的基础上蜕变为"新龙滩"。这一名称还与这里的一种大型洄游性鱼类——中华鲟有关。地名蜕变的第三阶段:滩险使得这里在冬季枯水位时很难通航。因拉纤、盘滩的需要,这里迅速出现了一个季节性的村庄,并快速发展成一个规模盛大的村镇。人口的聚集使得这里生意兴隆,地名再次在"新龙滩"的基础上由谐音而蜕变成"兴隆滩"。其聚落的空间分布最初仅在南岸,其后扩展为两岸均有,再之后规模进一步扩大。负责疏滩的西人泰勒,对这个聚落的观察与记述细致入微,涉及人口多少、年龄构成、职业构成、职能部门等,俨然一个丰富多彩的百态小社会。August of the moon calendar, GuangXu Year twenty--second, a massive landslide cov ering about 40, 000, 000 cubic metres took place around the area in Mountain DaZhangZi at the lower reaches of ChungQing checkpoint, YunYang state. The stones and gravel which fell down clogged the river stream, in turn forming a new rush area. The geological name in this place went through a process from an idea to evolution and then the final decision, as in the process from： ＂New Beach＂ to ＂New Dragon Beach＂ to ＂Prosperity Beach＂. The starting stage： a new beach formed, so it was named ＂New Beach＂, hut different from the original state＇s ＂New Beach＂. The second stage： before the landslide, this was once a peaceful bay, called the ＂Bay of the Dragons＂, this caused the name lo morph into ＂New Dragons Beach＂. This name is also connected to a race of large emigrational marine species-the Acipenser sinensis. The third stage, the rush area caused water traffic difficulties in winter seasons. Due to the need of vessel towing and beach plating, a seasonal village was quickly built, and soon it was developed into a large town. The gathering of people made the business quite successful, so the local name again tone morphed from ＂New Dragons Beach＂ to ＂Prosperity Beach＂ （Chinese pronunciation similarities）. This settlement was first gathered on the south Beach, then it developed to both shores, and continued its expansion. The managing westerner Mr. Tyler observed and recorded his findings on this gathering to the smallest detail, including the overall population, age and occupational distribution, governing ministries, all of which forming a colourful society.

关 键 词：三峡 滑坡灾害 新滩 兴隆滩 

分 类 号：K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学] P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学]