美国电力行业碳排放强度与总量目标的确定及启示  

Lessons Learned from Setting Carbon Emission Intensity and Total Emission Goals for the U.S. Power Sector

作　　者：刘骊光[1] Liu Liguang(School of Government,Central University of Finance and Eeonomies,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学政府管理学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中外能源》2017年第5期1-7,共7页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"基于总量与强度双控的水资源治理转型与市场化机制研究"(项目编号:15ZDC033)的资助

摘　　要：作为奥巴马政府气候行动计划的重要组成部分,美国环保署(EPA)于2014年6月发布了针对现有电厂的《清洁电力计划》提案,并在2015年8月形成最后版本。该计划在确保电力可靠供应的基础上,为联邦各州现有电厂确立了到2030年的碳排放强度和排放总量目标,标志着覆盖全美电力行业的完整、一致的管控框架基本形成。《清洁电力计划》提案以2012年为基年,引入4种最佳减排模式计算出各州到2030年的碳排放强度,以此作为各州的履约目标;并在此基础上,配合潜在州际碳交易市场的需要,分两种方案,确定了各州电厂排放总量目标。《清洁电力计划》遭受到来自部分州政府的反对,特别是新任总统特朗普上台后,该政策的不确定性加大。然而,美国电力行业碳排放强度和排放总量目标制定过程中体现出的科学性和公众参与,对我国碳交易市场建设,特别是下一步如何制定和推进基于行业和地区的碳排放约束指标分配方案具有借鉴意义。As an important part of President Obama＇s Climate Action Plan,the Clean Power Plan was proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） in June 2014,and the final version was unveiled in August 2015. While ensuring reliable power supply,this plan sets individual state＇s emission intensity and total emission goals for existing power plants by 2030, indicating the establishment of a complete and consistent management framework covering the U.S. power sector.Selecting 2012 as the baseline year,the Clean Power Plan introduces four ＂building blocks＂ of the Best System of Emission Reduction （BSER） to calculate individual state＇s emission intensity by 2030,which will be taken as their performance goals.Furthermore,to facilitate the development of interstate carbon trading for power plants in individual uncertainty increased especially engagement reflected in setting construction of domestic carbon market,two approaches are adopted to determine the total emission goals state.The Clean Power Plan was opposed by some state governments,and its after President Trump took office.Nevertheless,the scientificalness and public the emission intensity and total emission goals can provide reference for the trading market,especially the development and promotion of industry-based and province-based carbon emission constraint index allocation scheme in the coming future .

关 键 词：清洁电力计划 碳排放强度 排放总量 公众参与 碳交易 约束指标分配 

分 类 号：F416.61[经济管理—产业经济] X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]