雌激素对大脑白质结构影响的研究进展  

Recent research progress of the effects of estrogen on brain white matter

作　　者：罗艳敏[1,2] 肖倩[1,2] 何琦[1,2] 晁凤蕾 张蕾[1,2] 唐勇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学基础医学院组织胚胎学教研室 [2]重庆医科大学基础医学院干细胞与组织工程研究室,重庆400016

出　　处：《中国体视学与图像分析》2017年第1期91-98,共8页Chinese Journal of Stereology and Image Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81671259;81501101;81501156);2016年重庆市研究生科研创新项目资助;2016年重庆医科大学优秀博士论文经费资助

摘　　要：雌激素是女性重要的性激素,它最为人们所熟知的作用是在女性青春期第二性征发育以及性成熟中的突出作用。然而,越来越多的研究表明大脑也是雌激素重要的靶器官,雌激素具有多种神经保护作用,并且动物实验和临床研究已经证实雌激素可以改善绝经后及卵巢切除后女性的认知能力。大脑运转是通过复杂的神经互联网络完成,而各脑区的相互联系主要通过大脑白质完成。基于大脑白质结构在中枢神经系统中的重要地位,本文从雌激素对正常大脑白质大体结构、白质内有髓神经纤维超微结构、白质内少突胶质细胞的影响,月经周期对大脑白质的影响以及雌激素在大脑白质相关疾病中的作用等几个方面,系统回顾了雌激素对大脑白质结构影响的研究进展。Estrogen is an important sex hormone in women,and the most well-known role of estrogen is the important role in the development of female adolescent secondary sexual characteristics and sexualmaturity. However,more and more studies have shown that the brain is also an important target organ of estrogen. Estrogen has a variety of neuroprotective effects. Animal experiments and clinical studies have confirmed that estrogen can improve the cognition of the postmenopausal women and ovariectomized women. Brain works through complex neural networks,and the different regions of the brain are primarily connected through the brain white matter. Due to the important role that the white matter plays in the central nervous system,this paper reviewed the research progress of the effects of estrogen on the white matter from several aspects,such as the effects of estrogen on the general structure of white matter,the ultrastructure of the myelinated fibers in the white matter and the oligodendrocytes in the white matter,the effects of menstrual cycle on white matter and the role of estrogen in white matter related diseases.

关 键 词：雌激素 大脑白质 有髓神经纤维 少突胶质细胞 综述 

分 类 号：R33[医药卫生—人体生理学]