国际论文生产与国家生产力——一个关于中国科学研究悖论的政治经济学解释  

International Paper Productivity and National Productivity:A Political Economical Explanation on the Paradox of China's Scientific Research

作　　者：尚虎平[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学政治与公共管理学院,江苏苏州510632

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（人文科学版）》2017年第3期40-60,共21页Wuhan University Journal (Humanity Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(14BGL115);教育部人文社会科学基金规划项目(13YJAZH076);江苏省新型城镇化与社会治理协同创新中心研究项目(2015-2019)

摘　　要：马克思揭示了人类社会发展的最终动力来源于社会生产力的持续提升。马克思、恩格斯洞察了科学技术在促进生产力中的作用,邓小平进一步厘清了"科学技术是第一生产力"的客观规律。为了以科学技术研究推动我国生产力进步,改革开放之后国家推行了一系列以公共财政资金支持科学技术研究的改革。在每年20%左右的财政增长率的支持下,我国科学技术研究取得了较大成果,这种进步主要表现在我国国际论文生产能力长久居于世界第2位,但以国家竞争力、二次工业化水平衡量的生产力水平却远落后于此。这肇源于政府科技主管部门采用的便利行政式绩效评估,使具有第三方评价性质的国际论文成为科研评价的最主要指标;压力体制下,基层科研单位层层加码、物质激励与惩罚并举的评估与激励,进一步强化了扩大国际论文产出而轻视促进生产力发展的其他方面;科研从业者分化为合同工与老板,两者之间劳动关系异化为具有剥削性质的生产关系,这种前社会主义生产关系随着劳动者、劳动对象、生产资料扩散到其他生产行业并反作用于更广生产领域的生产力,从而抑制了我国生产力达到应有的高度。未来可以通过明确生产力责任、推进科学技术开发银行制度等措施来解决这些问题。Marx reveals that the ultimate power of society development derives from social productivity improving continually. Marx and Engels provided insight into the role of science and technology in promoting productivity, and Mr Deng Xiaoping further clarified the law of ＂Science and Technology are the First Productive Forces＂. After the reform and openingup,in order to promote productivity through science and technology,China has implemented a series of reforms of scientific and technological research supported by public funding. With financial growth of about 20% per year, scientific and technological research in China has made great achievements, which majorly reflected in the international paper production capacity that keeping the second place around the world for a long time. However, social productivity measured by national competitiveness and level of the second industrialization, lags far behind. The reasons are as follows： the government department in charge of science using ＂Handy Administrative＇performance evaluation, which made international paper with the nature of ＂third party assessment ＂ become the main indicators of research evaluatiom under the pressurized system, basic scientific research institutions suffer incremental pressure, assessment and motivation including both substance incentive and punishment,all of which further strengthen the productivity of international papers,but also neglect other aspects about promoting the development of productivity; researchers are divided into ＂contractors＂ and ＂boss＂, and the labor relationship between them is alienated as exploitative production relations. With workers, labor and means of production spreading to other manufacture industry, this former socialist production relations counteract a broader areas of production, thereby inhibiting the productivity in China to achieve the height should be. Therefore, we can solve these issues through clearly defining production responsibility,promoting ＂Science and Technology Development Ban

关 键 词：科学技术研究 受托责任 自利行政 绩效评估 生产力 劳动关系异化 

分 类 号：F014.1[经济管理—政治经济学] C53[社会学]