遮阴对‘温185’核桃光合特性的影响  

Effect of shading on photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Wen 185' walnut

作　　者：张述斌[1,2] 徐崇志[1,2] 张锐[1,2] 周文静[3] 高山[3] 郭龙[4] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学新疆生产建设兵团南疆特色果树生产工程实验室,阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地 [3]塔里木大学植物科学学院 [4]新疆生产建设兵团第一师3团林业站

出　　处：《中国果树》2017年第3期22-27,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC14B05);兵团少数民族聚居团场科技特派员科技帮扶项目(2013AA002);塔里木大学研究生创新项目(TDGRI201612);国家科技攻关与成果转化计划项目(2015AC025)

摘　　要：分析‘温185’核桃在5种光照环境中叶片光合特性及田间微环境日变化特征,找到合理、有效的栽培管理措施,为核桃乔化密植提供依据。结果表明:遮阴处理核桃净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈单峰曲线,高温强光时,处理1(透光率78%)的Pn与对照(透光率100%)差异不显著,但极显著高于其他遮阴处理(透光率分别为70%、55%、44%),分别高15.89%、18.75%、21.02%;处理1的气孔导度(Gs)日变化幅度为0.047~0.192 mol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),较其他遮阴处理稳定;处理4(透光率44%)可以减弱高温强光对核桃的水分胁迫,提高水分利用效率(WUE),在午间(14:00),其WUE显著高于对照,但日平均WUE显著低于对照,同时蒸腾速率(Tr)表现出峰多、峰值低、出现时间较晚等现象,不利于维持水分代谢平衡。可见,高温强光时,处理1可以提高Pn及维持Gs的稳定,处理4可以提高WUE,但2个遮阴处理均不利于核桃光合产物的积累,100%光照会产生"光合午休",但利于光合产物的积累。综合来看,当透光率为78%~100%时,利于核桃光合产物的积累和生长发育。Aiming to figure out the reasonable and effective cultivation management measures by researching the diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics and micro environment of shade treatments.Finally provide the basis for arborescent close planting pattern of ‘Wen 185’ walnut.The results showed as follows：the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of walnut under shading treatment showed a single peak curve trend,and 78% light Pn is higher than control treatment （100% of light environment） which was no significant difference,and is 15.89%,18.75%,21.02% respectively higher than 70%,55% and 44% of light environment which was significantly.The dynamic range of stomatal conductance （Gs） between 0.047 and 0.192 mol· m^-2 ·s^-1under the illumination of 78% and was more stable than other shade treatments.44% light can improve water use efficiency （WUE） by reducing the high temperature and strong light on plant water stress,but was significantly lower than control treatment.At the moment,transpiration rate （Tr） has low and time of late peaks also with a tendency of two peaks that it is not conducive to the maintenance of water balance.Thus it can be seen that 78% light can improve Pn and maintain the stability of Gs,44% light can improve WUE and 100% light can create the midday depression of photosynthesis when walnut in high temperature and strong light.However,the first two kinds of light environment are not conducive to the accumulation of the total of photosynthetic products in walnut growth than 100% light treatment.Comprehensive comparative analysis,when the light transmittance ranges from 78% to 100% is conducive to the accumulation of photosynthetic products and growth of walnut.

关 键 词：核桃 '温185’ 光照 光合特性 田间微环境 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]