动态姿势调节能力在飞行任务负荷所致疲劳评估中的作用  

Role of dynamic postural adjusting ability in fatigue assessment due to flight task-load

作　　者：程珊[1] 孙继成[1] 马进[1] 胡文东[1] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学航空航天医学系卫生装备教研室,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《职业与健康》2017年第6期740-743,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金与民航联合基金(U1333101)

摘　　要：目的研究模拟飞行任务负荷所致的疲劳状态对不同倾斜方位动态姿势调节能力的影响,并筛选出对任务负荷敏感的姿势调节方位与指标。方法从第四军医大学2013级男性本科学员中选取符合条件的42名学员,随机均分任务负荷组与对照组,每组21人。任务负荷组学员持续进行2 h的任务负荷操作,而对照组则不进行此操作任务。所有学员在任务开始前与结束后进行主观疲劳感评分、反应能力测试及不同方位的动态姿势调节能力测试。结果 2 h的任务负荷后,学员对操作任务负荷的主观疲劳感明显升高(F=14.094,P=0.01),反应任务的单位时间正确率明显下降(F=23.716,P<0.01),而单位时间的错误率却明显升高(F=18.134,P<0.01)。在模拟飞行疲劳作用下,机体在向前倾位点调节的精确度明显变差(t=2.117,P=0.040),而向左前倾位点调节时,不仅调节的精度明显变差(t=3.982,P=0.001),姿势稳定能力也明显下降(t=3.288,P=0.002),而所需的调节时间却明显减少(t=2.460,P=0.018)。与对照组相比,学员将身体移动到左倾位点、左后倾位点及右倾位点时,其姿势稳定性同样明显下降,但姿势调节的精度与时间并没有明显的改变。结论机体向左侧区域相关位点的调节稳定性指标对模拟飞行认知操作任务负荷所致疲劳状态最为敏感。因此,该试验证实了动态立位平衡功可以为任务负荷所致的疲劳状态评估提供一种新的手段。[ Objective ]To study the effect of fatigue state caused by simulated flight task load on postural adjusting ability, and select proper postural adjusting direction and parameters sensitive to task load. [Methods] Totally 42 eligible male undergrad- uates of 2013 were selected from Fourth Military Medical University, and were divided into 2 groups： task load group and control group. The subjects in task group were asked to take a 2 h multi-task, while the other group did nothing with those tasks. Before and after the task load, the subjective fatigue scores, reaction task score, and dynamic postural adjusting ability of different direction needed to be measured. [ Results ] After 2 hours task load, the subjective fatigue score （F= 14.094, P=0.01 ）was increased significantly, the accuracy rate of reaction per unit time（F=23.716,P〈0.01 ）was decreased significantly, while the rate of error in per unit time was decreased （F=18.134,P〈0.01）. Under the effect of simulated flight fatigue, degree of adjusting accuracy has declined obviously （t=2.117, P=0.040）, when the center of pressure was moved to the front point）. While body leaned to left upper point, the degree of accuracy （t=3.982, P=0.001 ）and postural stability （t=3.288, P=0.002） also got worse significantly, and its adjusting time became shorter（t=2.460, P=0.018）. Compared with control group, stability of postural control in left point, left back point and right point also got worse significantly, while its degree of accuracy and adjusting time did not change obviously. [ Conclusion] Postural adjusting ability in those positions belonging to left region has been tested sensitive to fatigue due to task load, especially for stability ability parameters. So dynamic postural adjusting ability can be used to assess fatigue due to task load.

关 键 词：飞行疲劳 疲劳评估 动态姿势调节 

分 类 号：R857.1[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]