云南易危植物红马银花的传粉生物学研究  

Pollination Biology of Vulnerable Rhododendron vialii(Ericaceae) in Yunnan Province

作　　者：刘巧[1] 易陈燃 郑硕理 陈凯云[1] 谷珂[1] 张敬丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2017年第3期96-102,共7页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"云南野生常绿杜鹃的二倍体的杂交物种形成及种群进化研究31260079"

摘　　要：以云南省玉溪地区野外分布红马银花为研究对象,进行了花部特征及开花期动态观察、杂交指数和花粉与胚珠比估算、花粉活力及柱头可授性测定、传粉者及其行为观察。结果表明:红马银花的花期主要从2月上旬到3月中旬,单花花期5-8天;根据杂交指数初步判断其繁育系统为自交亲和,有时需要传粉者,P/O比为89.91±11.17,判断其繁育系统为兼性自交;MTT染色法测定红马银花散粉后24h花粉活力达到90.6%,花粉离体萌发法测定红马银花散粉12-24h后花粉活力达82.9%;柱头可授性试验表明,红马银花开花2-4天柱头可授性最强;红马银花的主要传粉者为熊蜂和蓝喉太阳鸟,二者的主要访花频率时间分别为14:00-17:00和8:00-11:00。传粉者稀少及其自身的自交亲和特性可能是导致其繁殖失败的主要原因。Floral dynamics,out crossing index and pollen-value ration,pollen vitality and stigma receptivity,pollinators and their behavior of wild Rhododendron vialii was investigated in Yunnan province. Florescence was mainly from early February to middle March and the lifespan of a single flower was approximately 5-8days. The breeding system of Rhododendron vialii estimated tentatively by out crossing index was self-compatibility and the pollinator insects were not essential all the time. Pollen-value ration was 89. 91 ± 11. 17, which indicated that breeding system was facultative autogamy. Until 12-24 h after shedding pollen,pollen viability of Rhododendron vialii was 90. 6% by MTT and was 82. 9% through peroxide enzyme coloration. The experiment of stigma receptivity showed that stigma receptivity of Rhododendron vialii was strongest when blossomed in 2-4 days. The main pollinators were Bombus flavescens and Aethopyga gouldiae and their main visiting frequency of Rhododendron vialii was14: 00-17: 00 and 8: 00-11: 00 respectively. Therefore,rare pollinators and its self-compatibility may be the main factors of reproductive failure.

关 键 词：红马银花 传粉生物学 开花动态 花粉活力与柱头可授性 传粉者及其行为 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]