不同坡度和前期土壤含水率下裸地和草地的降雨产流试验分析  

Analysis of Bare Soil and Grassland Rainfall-runoff Experiment in Different Slope Gradient and Antecedent Soil Moisture Content

作　　者：李义豪 李传哲[2] 穆文彬[3] 刘佳[2] 严登华[2] LI Yi- hao LI Chuan-zhe MUWen- Bin LIUJia YANDeng- hua(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research , The YelloeRiver Institute of Science, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power3 , Zhengzhou 450046,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200051 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域与水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [3]华北水利水电大学黄河科学研究院,郑州450046

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2017年第14期45-53,共9页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51409270;51609243);水利部绩效评估试点项目(1232);国家国际科技合作专项(2013DFG70990);水体污染控制与治理课题(2015ZX07402003-2)资助

摘　　要：坡度和前期土壤含水率是降雨产流过程的重要影响因素。为探讨其对降雨产流过程的影响,采用人工降雨模拟试验,对太行山前平原区不同坡度和前期土壤含水率下草地和裸地降雨产流过程进行了研究。结果表明:(1)草地和裸地的径流量均随坡度和前期土壤含水率的增加而增大,且裸地在稳定阶段的产流量以及累积产流量均高于草地;同时,前期土壤含水率较高时,累积产流量与降雨历时呈现出分段函数的关系;(2)径流系数、产流滞时以及入渗率随坡度和前期土壤含水率的增加分别呈现出增大、减小和减小的趋势,且两影响因素对草地径流系数、产流滞时及入渗率的影响程度均强于裸地;(3)裸地和草地的入渗率均随坡度和前期土壤含水率的增加,其变化速率逐渐增大,且较其他入渗模型,Horton入渗模型可以很好地估算土壤入渗率以及入渗量。通过试验研究,以期为进一步探索太行山前平原区降雨产流规律提供参考。Slope gradient and antecedent soil moisture content are important factors in the rainfall-runoffprocess. Previous researches that related to rainfall-runoff process were mainly focusing on ignoring the North China Plain,which is the major grain producing areas of China. Therefore, it is essential tostudy the rainfall process in the Nortli China Plain under environmental change. Based on the field soils,artificialrainfall simulation experiments were conducted. The rainfall-runoff process has been studied by setting various combinations of different slope gradients （ 50,10° and 15°） and antecedent soil moisture contentand 0.30） on the grassland and bare soil. The rainfall duration is 120 min,and the runevery 3 minutes during the rainfall process,and the time interval became short （ 1 min） after the rain had stopped.During the experiment process,at the initial stage of runoff,the rate of runoff in bare soil was faster stable infiltration was shorter than that of grassland,and the runoff per minute in bare grassland. The cumulative runof and rainfall duration can be fitted by an exponential function before the steady infiltration,and then they can be fitted by a linear function. When the antecedent soil moisture content was 0. 25 cm3 /cm3 and 0. 30 cm3 /cm3,among different slope gradients,the mean differences of runoff the bare soil was 0. 02 and 0. 06,respectively,and grassland was 0. 09 and 0. 14, respectively. A comparison between underlying surfaces shows that the influences of slope gradient and antecedent soil moisture content on time lag and infiltration are more conspicuous in grassland. It is concluded as bare soil increased with the increase of slope and soil water content,and accumulated runoff of bare than that of grassland. Piecewise function can be used to describe the relationship between cumulative runoff and rainfall.② For both underlying surfaces,the

关 键 词：裸地 草地 坡度 前期土壤含水率 降雨产流 

分 类 号：S161.3[农业科学—农业气象学]