我国司法判决中的宪法援引及其功能——基于已公开判决文书的实证研究  

Constitutional Reference and Its Functions in Judicial Decisions in China

作　　者：冯健鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2017年第3期44-59,共16页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"我国宪法基本权利的程序保障机制研究"(13CFX025)资助

摘　　要：我国司法实践中存在着援引宪法规范作为判决依据的现象。从裁判文书网收录的判决文书来看,援引宪法规范的判决涵盖了民事、行政和刑事等类型,但以前两种为多,它们在时间、法院层级和区域上也不平衡。在功能上,有个别判决体现出合宪性解释的意味;部分判决展现出多样化的基本权利第三人效力样态,但在应用上存在盲目性;大多数判决中,和宪法同时作为判决依据的法律规范与相关宪法条文内容基本一致,这种情况下对宪法规范的援引意义很有限,不过少数判决仍能体现出法院对于宪法相关内容的理解。整体而言,我国司法判决中的宪法援引存在关注内容而不关注效力的特点,而这是法院避开各种可能的制度争议的结果。In Chinese judicial practice, courts occasionally cite the Constitution as the basis of judi- cial decisions. A review of published judicial decisions in China shows that the decisions that cite the Constitution as basis include civil, administrative and criminal decisions, but the majority of them are civil and administrative decisions. And the distribution of these decisions is imbalanced in terms of year, region and trial level. As far as their functions are concerned, firstly, some decisions are of the nature of interpretation of constitutionality ; secondly, some decisions have shown the diversified effect of fundamental rights on the third party, but the application of this effect is basically blind because the courts are not consciously aware of the underlying issues of this effect ; and thirdly, most of these decisions Cite the Constitution along with other laws or normative documents as their basis. In most of these cases, the content of the constitutional provision and that of the relevant laws and legal norms cited in the decision are basically the same and, therefore, the reference to the constitutional provi- sion is of limited significance. However, in a few cases such reference could show the court＇ s under- standing of the relevant constitutional provisions. As a whole, the constitutional reference in judicial decisions in China has the characteristic of attaching importance to the content, but not the effect, of the constitutional clauses cited, which is resulted from the courts＇ effort to avoid all possible institu- tional disputes.

关 键 词：宪法实施 宪法援引 合宪性解释 基本权利第三人效力 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]