华南红壤区坡面产流产沙对植被的响应  

Response of runoff and sediment reductions to plants in red soil region of southern China

作　　者：廖义善[1,2] 孔朝晖 卓慕宁[1] 李定强[1] LIAO Yishan KONG Chaohui ZHUO Muning LI Dingqiang(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Wuhua Soil and WaterConservation expanding Station of Guangdong Province, Meizhou 514471, China)

机构地区：[1]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广东广州510650 [2]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广东广州510275 [3]广东省五华县水土保持试验推广站,广东梅州514471

出　　处：《水利学报》2017年第5期613-622,共10页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金研究团队项目(S2012030006144);广东省水利厅委托项目(GPCGD112197FT141F1);国家自然科学基金项目(41171221,41471020);广东省科学院青年科学研究基金项目(qnjj201404);广东省中国科学院全面战略合作项目(2013B091500077);省院创新平台建设专项(2016GDASPT-0105)

摘　　要：植被对坡面水蚀具有重要影响,其减水、减沙效益广受关注。以广东省五华县源坑水小流域2011—2014年的径流小区次降雨水沙观测数据为基础,分别在次降雨、月、年及不同降雨区间讨论植物类型差异、月际植被盖度变化、年际植物生长及不同次降雨量对坡面产流、产沙的影响。研究结果表明:(1)在次降雨尺度,植物小区平均减沙效益、减水效益分别为24.77%、12.95%,其减沙效益大于减水效益;(2)在各降雨区间,相较于裸土小区,桉树、松树和糖蜜草小区分别在次降雨量为20~30 mm、20~40 mm和20~50 mm的降雨区间具有较为显著的减沙效益。松树和糖蜜草在次降雨量为10~50 mm的降雨区间均具有显著的减水效益。但在次降雨量>50mm的降雨区间植物的减沙、减水效益均不显著。(3)在月尺度上,各径流小区产流、产沙量均无显著差异。但由于月际植被盖度的变化,不同月份植物减沙效益数值顺序存在一定变化,但植物减水效益数值顺序较为稳定均呈现为糖蜜草>松树>桉树。(4)在年尺度上,桉树,松树和糖蜜草的减沙、减水效益区间分别为7.00%~38.66%、2.98%~8.76%,7.74%~37.30%、6.67%~19.67%和8.35%~45.33%、10.00%~23.36%。各径流小区年均次降雨产流、产沙数值顺序均呈现裸土小区>桉树小区>松树小区>糖蜜草小区。各植物小区的减水效益与减沙效益相一致,表明相较于植物通过改变水沙关系减沙而言,植物主要是通过减水来减沙。Vegetation has important influences on water erosion, thus its effects on water and sediment re- duction have received great attention. The observed data for runoff and sediment yieldsfromfield runoff plots between 201l and 2014, the impacts of vegetation types, inter-month vegetation coverage variation, inter annual vegetation growth and rainfall at different time scales （individual rainfall, monthly and yearly） on the slope runoff and sediment yield were carefully investigated. The results showed that： （1） In comparison to the plots with bare soil, the vegetation on the runoff plots can decreased sediment yield and runoff by 24.77% and 12.95%, respectively. （2） In respect of the plots with bare soils, the eucalyptus, pine trees and Melinisminutiflora can significantly reduce sediment yields when the rainfall were within the ranges of 20-30 mm, 20-40 mm and 20-50 mm. The pine trees and Melinisminutiflora showed great water conserva- tion benefit when the individual rainfall amounts varied at 10-50 mm. However, the soil and water conser- vation benefit of the vegetation were insignificant when the individual rainfall was greater than 50 ram. （3） At monthly scale, the runoff and sediment yields showed no significant difference for the runoff plots. However, due to changes of vegetation coverage, their sediment control benefits varied for different months. Whereas their water conservation benefit kept the a constant rule with the highest control benefit for Melin- isminutiflora tree and the lowest benefit of eucalyptus. （4） At yearly scale, the soil and water conservation benefits were 7.00 %-38.66 % and 2.98 %-8.76 %, 7.74%-37.30 % and 6.67 %-19.67 %, 8.35%-45.33% and 10.00%-23.36%, for the eucalyptus, pine trees and Melinisminutiflora, respectively. The annual yields of runoff and sediment for individual rainfall were both in a sequence of bare soil 〉eucalyptus〉 pine trees 〉 Melinisminutiflora. The agreement between soil and water conservation benefits for different plants indicated th

关 键 词：坡面水蚀 植被 减水 减沙 降雨量 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]