人羊猪肾锥体的比较解剖学  

Comparative anatomy of renal pyramids in human,goat and swine

作　　者：阿不来丁·赛买提 王锦绣 王鼎予 王建伟[1] 刘胜勇[1] 张卫光[1] ABULAIDING· Saimaiti WANG Jin-Xiu WANG Ding-yu WANG Jian-wei LIU Sheng-yong ZHANG Wei-guang(Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Beijing 100191, China Turpan Area Secondary Occupation Technical School, Xinjiang Turpan 838000, China Daqing Medical College, Anatomy Teaching and Research Section, Heilongfiang Daqing 163312, China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学基础医学院人体解剖学与组织胚胎学系,北京100191 [2]吐鲁番地区中等职业技术学校医学学科,新疆吐鲁番838000 [3]大庆医学高等专科学校解剖学教研室,黑龙江大庆163312

出　　处：《解剖学报》2017年第3期331-333,共3页Acta Anatomica Sinica

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金面上项目(7162098)

摘　　要：目的通过肾锥体标本的制作,对人、羊和猪的肾锥体大小、数量及形态结构特征进行比较解剖学研究。方法自肾动脉灌注7%甲醛固定人、羊和猪的肾标本,采用解剖剥制技术,自肾的皮质向深方逐层剥离暴露出肾锥体,测量肾锥体的大小、数量及观察肾锥体的形态结构特征。结果人、羊和猪的肾锥体分界清楚。人肾柱明显,肾锥体呈现多枝"菜花样"结构,每个肾锥体是由3~5个形似圆锥形的"肾亚锥体"组成的"肾锥体单元",亚锥体尖端在肾乳头处逐渐融合,共同开口于肾小盏。人的肾锥体单元的底面呈多结节状突起。羊和猪的肾柱狭细。羊的"肾亚锥体"不明显,在肾中部存在多个肾乳头开口处形成的嵴状隆起。猪的肾锥体数量较多,"肾亚锥体"较少。结论通过肾锥体的剥离,进行了人、羊和猪的肾锥体的形态学特征比较观察,更新和补充了人、羊和猪肾锥体的形态学特征。Objective To investigate the size, quantity and morphology characteristics of renal pyramids in the human, goat and swines. Methods Seven percent formaldehyde was perfused in the kidney specimens of human, goat and swine through renal artery. The kidneys were dissected to reveal the structures from the renal cortex into the deep, the renal pyramids. The renal pyramids were measured in size, number and their structure characteristics, and compared with each other. Results The renal pyramids＇ boundaries of all three species were clearly recognized. The renal columns had sharp borders in human, and the renal pyramid shaped like broccoli, composed by 3-5 cone-shaped sub-pyramids, namely the renal pyramid units. The basement of the pyramids presented a multi-tuber appearance, as well as the apexes of the pyramid units merged at renal papillae and opened to the minor renal calices in Human. The renal columns were narrower in goat and swine. The renal pyramid units were unobvious, with several crest-like protrusions near the openings of the renal papillae at the middle portion of the kidney in goat. However, swine had more renal pyramids and less pyramids units. Conclusion Renal pyramids morphologic characteristics are revealed in human, goat and swine via renal pyramid dissection and comparative observation. It is a morphological evidence in order to diagnose and treatment in kidney disease.

关 键 词：肾锥体 肾亚锥体 肾锥体单元 比较解剖学 人 羊 猪 

分 类 号：R322.6[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]