如何理解《资本论》“重建个人所有制”问题  

How to Understand “Re-Establishing Private Ownership” in Das Kapital

作　　者：马嘉鸿 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院世界社会主义研究所

出　　处：《哲学研究》2017年第5期19-25,共7页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：本文考察、对比《资本论》第一卷的几个不同版本,并针对其中关于"重建个人所有制"这句话的译文所展开的争论,认为目前的中译文基本未偏离原意,不宜在文本上过分纠缠马克思要"重建"的具体形式,也无需借助于文本进行过度诠释。马克思的这段话是建立在辩证法和历史唯物主义基础上所作的"否定之否定"的哲学表述。"重建个人所有制"指的是自由人联合体下,个人与社会联合起来的所有制,它既保证社会劳动者的个人所有,又超越资本主义私有制对社会生产力的束缚。因此,对于这段话的理解,我们不应仅局限于经济学的繁琐而纠缠不清的讨论方式,而应还原理论本身的意涵。至于实践中的难题,则应该交给实践去解决。This essay examines and compares several different editions of the first volume of Marx's Das Kapital.Concerning the controversy around the translation of the phrase 're-establishing private ownership,'it insists that the present Chinese translation has not deviated from Marx 's original meaning. There is no need to obsessively discuss the specific form in which it should be 're-established,'nor to over-interpret the text.Marx's intention in this phrase is a philosophical expression of the 'negation of negation'based on dialectics and historical materialism. 'Re-establishing private ownership ' implies an ownership which combines the individual and the society within the 'community of free individuals,'promising the social worker 's private property and transcending capitalist private ownership's limitation of social productivity. Therefore,to better comprehend Marx 's words,people should not confine themselves to the intricate and bewildering discursive approach of economics but rather go back to the words' original philosophical meaning. Real problems can only be answered by practice.

关 键 词：重建劳动者个人所有制 资本论 生产资料 分配制度 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]