俄罗斯民粹主义:现象、根源与特点  

Populism in Russia:Phenomenon,Origin,and Characteristics

作　　者：关贵海[1] 林文昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2017年第2期25-51,共27页The Journal of International Studies

摘　　要：俄罗斯民粹主义既指称俄罗斯19世纪激进社会主义运动,也用以描述当代政治现象,这一现象既是表达民意的形式,也是执政当局或体制内外反对派的政治工具。俄罗斯民粹主义是对现代化进程所引发冲突的反应,它声张人民立场,把现代化进程中的"受损"归结于资本主义,用区分"自己人"和"他人"的简单逻辑解释复杂问题,依靠人民力量达到政治目的。俄罗斯民粹主义的这些共性源于俄罗斯现代化发展道路的摇摆性、矛盾性,俄罗斯的现代化进程鼓励追求正义,但现代化和全球化又使俄罗斯的民族独特性受到冲击,非理性、矛盾性和宗教性的俄罗斯文化鼓励了民粹主义。俄罗斯社会结构变化、知识分子与人民的互动趋于紧密,以及自由主义的巨大影响,使当代俄罗斯民粹主义呈现出新特点,即民粹主义的主体从知识分子变成中产阶级,重视利益政治,淡化道德理想政治。Russian populism refers to both the radical socialist movement in the 19th century in Russia and the contemporary political phenomenon.This phenomenon is a manifestation of public opinions as well as a political instrument for the ruling regime or dissents.Russian populism is a reaction to dislocations caused by modernization.It is characterized by upholding the peoples position,attributing'losses'to capitalism,differentiating'self'and'other',and relying on the people to realize political goals.The road of Russias modernization is full of vacillation and contradictions.On the one hand,it encourages the pursuit of justice;on the other hand,the national uniqueness and interests are shocked.The irrationality of religion and Russia culture is conducive to populist expressions.Furthermore,the change of Russian social structure,closer interaction between Russian intellectuals and people,and the enormous impact of liberalism have generated new features for contemporary Russian populism.The major subject of populism has shifted from the intellectuals to the middle class,interest politics has acquired more importance,and moral and idealistic politics has been downplayed.

关 键 词：世界政治 民粹主义 俄罗斯 现代化 

分 类 号：D751.2[政治法律—政治学]