神农架世界自然遗产地落叶木本植物多样性及其代表性  

Diversity and representativeness of deciduous woody plants in Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site,China

作　　者：樊大勇[1] 高贤明[1] 杜彦君[1] 申国珍[1] 徐文婷[1] 熊高明[1] 赵常明[1] 周友兵[1] 谢宗强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《生物多样性》2017年第5期498-503,共6页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201309039)

摘　　要：神农架世界自然遗产地在生物多样性、栖息地和生态学过程上具有全球意义,属于北方温带落叶林生物群区。北方温带落叶林是世界落叶木本植物种类最为丰富的生物群区。本文选取该群区最具代表性的82个仅有落叶成分的属,对比分析了相关种、属在世界、中国、欧洲、北美、美国大烟山(Great Smoky Mountains)、日本Ogawa森林保护区(Ogawa Forest Reserve)和神农架世界自然遗产地的分布情况,重点分析了神农架世界自然遗产地落叶树种的多样性和代表性,为神农架世界自然遗产地突出普遍价值的认定提供重要证据,并为其科学管理提供理论依据。结果表明:神农架有62个落叶属,分别占中国和世界仅有落叶成分属的86%和76%;落叶种225个,分别占中国和世界的21%和7%。美国大烟山和日本Ogawa森林保护区亦属于典型的北方温带落叶林,然而,二者的落叶木本植物种、属多样性均低于神农架世界自然遗产地。这说明神农架世界自然遗产地是世界落叶木本植物集中分布地,其多样性和代表性具有全球意义。青藏高原的隆起导致中国中东部气候温暖湿润,地形复杂多变,而且该区域与亚热带热带植物区系落叶成分联系紧密,这可能是导致神农架植物区系具有丰富的落叶木本成分的生物地理成因。Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site （Shennongjia） is of global significance in biodiversity and its habitat, as well as the biological and ecological processes, and its flora is extremely rich in deciduous woody plants. In this study, the genus and species richness of deciduous woody plants in Sheunongjia was analyzed, aiming to identify the outstanding universal value of Shennongjia, as well as providing a theoreti- cal basis for its scientific management. The northern temperate deciduous forest has the most abundant spe- cies of deciduous woody plants in the world. We selected 82 representative genera widely distributed in the northern temperate deciduous forest, and a comparative analysis of their distribution （including the number of species within a genus） in the world, China, Europe, North America, Shennongjia, Great Smoky Moun- tains, and Japan Ogawa Forest Reserve, was carried out. It was found that Shennongjia had 62 genera, ac- counting for 86% of that in China, and 76% of that in the world. Shennongjia had 225 species in the 62 gen- era, accounting for 21% of that in China, and 7% of that in the world. In terms of deciduous species diversity, Great Smoky Mountains and Japan Ogawa Forest Reserve are also representative of the northern temperate deciduous forest. However, the two areas had significantly fewer deciduous genera and species than Shen-nongjia. The evidence shows that the Shennongjia is one of the most concentrated distribution areas of de- ciduous woody plants in the world, which is an important embodiment of its outstanding universal value. The warm and humid climate due to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the complex topography, and the close con- nection to subtropical and tropical flora in terms of deciduous components, contribute to the exceptional richness of deciduous woody plants in Shennongjia.

关 键 词：北方温带落叶林 美国大烟山 日本Ogawa森林保护区 落叶木本植物 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]