湖北神农架国家级自然保护区森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效  

The effectiveness of Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in conserving forests and habitat of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey

作　　者：王翠玲[1,2] 臧振华[1] 邱月[1,2] 邓舒雨 冯朝阳[3] 谢宗强[1] 徐文婷[1] 刘蕾[4] 陈全胜[1] 申国珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [4]天津泰达园林规划设计院有限公司,天津300457

出　　处：《生物多样性》2017年第5期504-512,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW028-01);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC050330304);科技基础性工作专项(2015FY1103002)

摘　　要：自然保护区是保护生物多样性最有效的方式之一,但是近年来自然保护区的保护成效正受到越来越多的质疑,已成为保护生物学研究中急需考虑的问题,也是目前我国自然保护区建设过程中面临的重要挑战。本研究以湖北神农架国家级自然保护区为研究对象,基于该保护区1980年、1990年、2010年、2015年的土地利用数据,结合DEM数据和川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis)分布及行为特征数据,应用层次分析法(AHP法)和集合种群容量(metapopulation capacity),分析了神农架保护区自建立以来(1980–2015)森林的面积变化、驱动因素以及川金丝猴栖息地面积和破碎化动态格局,论证了神农架保护区对森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效。结果表明,神农架保护区自建立以来,保护区内森林面积增加了34.27%,森林覆盖度由47.94%上升到64.36%,增加了16.42%,其中82.77%的新增森林为灌木林和疏林转变而来;川金丝猴最适宜栖息地面积增加了17.70%,集合种群容量增加了515.17%,最适宜栖息地的破碎化程度显著降低。天然林保护工程(the Natural Forest Conservation Program,NFCP)和退耕还林工程(the Sloping Land Conversion Program,SLCP)实施后,保护区内森林面积增加了23.24%,森林覆盖度增加了12.77%,川金丝猴最适宜栖息地面积增加了14.29%,集合种群容量增加了367.20%。本研究结果表明,神农架保护区在森林和旗舰种栖息地保护方面,均取得了很好的保护成效。Nature reserves are a cornerstone of global conservation. Although the network of global protected areas has expanded substantially over the last few decades, many protected areas are not effective and the use of protected areas as a conservation tool has been criticized due to its inefficiency. Understanding which in- stitutional conditions of protected areas are effective is therefore a key research priority. Shennongjia Na- tional Nature Reserve offers a fascinating case to investigate the effectiveness of protected areas in China. This reserve is exceptionally important for conservation as it harbors the remaining subtropical mixed broad-leaved evergreen and deciduous forests in the northern hemisphere, numerous endemic and endangered spe- cies, and viable populations of the snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis）. From an insti- tutional perspective, Shennongjia Nature Reserve experienced a heavily exploited deforestation period and forest cover rebounded since the establishment of the reserve and the implementation of the Natural Forest Conservation Program （NFCP） and the Sloping Land Conversion Program （SLCP）. We assessed the effec- tiveness of the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in conserving forests and habitat of the snub-nosed monkey based on landuse datasets of 1980, 1990, 2010 and 2015, respectively; combining DEM, distribution and be- havioral characteristics of the snub-nosed monkey, and constructing the criterion of the survival function of the snub-nosed monkey and metapopulation capacity. Results showed that the forest area increased by 34.27% and forest coverage increased 16.42%, of which 82.77% of the newly gained forest recovered from shrubs and sparse forests since the establishment of the reserve. The area of the most suitable habitat for the snub-nosed monkey increased 17.70%, and metapopulation capacity of the habitat increased 515.17%. Fur- thermore, since the implementation of NFCP and SLCP, the forest area and forest coverage increased 23.24% and 12.77%, respectiv

关 键 词：神农架自然保护区 保护成效 森林 栖息地 集合种群容量 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]