天然纤维超临界二氧化碳无水染色研究进展  

The research progress of supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing technology for natural fiber

作　　者：赵虹娟 刘秒[1] 郑环达[1] 郑来久[1] 闫俊[1] 熊小庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连工业大学辽宁省清洁化纺织重点实验室,辽宁大连116034

出　　处：《染整技术》2017年第3期1-6,共6页Textile Dyeing and Finishing Journal

基　　金：大连工业大学博士启动基金(61020718);大连市自然基金(2014A11GX030)

摘　　要：天然纤维以其天然、舒适而受到消费者的广泛青睐,在全球纺织行业市场份额中占有极大的比重。但传统的天然纤维染色以水为染色介质,不仅对水资源高度依赖,含染料、助剂的高色度染色废水的大量排放还造成巨大的环境压力。超临界二氧化碳流体介于气体和液体之间,兼有气体和液体的双重特点。以超临界二氧化碳为染色介质的超临界二氧化碳染色技术具有绿色无污染、清洁安全、节能、染料和助剂可回收等优点。但是,天然纤维在超临界二氧化碳中的染色一直存在上染率低、色牢度差等问题,无法进行工业化应用。因此,天然纤维的染色技术一直是超临界二氧化碳染色技术中一个亟待解决的重要部分。从染色装置、染色技术以及专用染料3个方面阐述了超临界二氧化碳染色技术在天然纤维中的应用,对超临界二氧化碳天然纤维染色技术的发展趋势进行了展望。Natural fiber takes up a huge global market share in the textile industry, because of it is widely favored by consumers due to its natural comfort. The traditional dyeing process of natural fiber requires a large amount of water and chemicals, which results in not only large water consumption, but also water pollution. To find a little water or no water natural fiber dyeing process have become the development direction of the field of dyeing and finishing. Supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is a fluid between gas and liquid, with the dual characteristics of both gas and liquid. As the dyeing medium, supercritical carbon dioxide has the advantages of clean, safety, energy saving, production cost reduction and dyes recyclable. But the dyeing of natural fibers in supercritical carbon dioxide is limited by the issue of low dyeing rate and poor fastness. Therefore, the research of natural fibers dyeing has been an important part of the supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing technology. This paper reviews the recent developments of the supercritical carbon dioxide natural fiber dyeing technology. The primary content is divided into three parts： （1） dyeing apparatus; （2） dyeing craft and （3） special dyes. At last, the development tendency of the supercritical carbon dioxide natural fiber dyeing technology is proposed.

关 键 词：超临界二氧化碳染色 天然纤维 清洁染色 

分 类 号：TS190.5[轻工技术与工程—纺织化学与染整工程]