美国《残疾青少年健康体适能测试标准》研究及启示  

Review and Implication of Brockport Physical Fitness Test Standards for American Youngsters with Disability

作　　者：陈华卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学体育部,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《上海体育学院学报》2017年第3期23-34,共12页Journal of Shanghai University of Sport

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学基金资助项目(2014SJD114)

摘　　要：通过对《美国残疾青少年健康体适能测试标准(Brockport Physical Fitness Test,BPFT)》研制的历史背景与发展历程、目标、内容、原理等方面的探讨,认为:(1)BPFT的研制离不开相关法律法规中对残疾群体教育公平、非歧视性原则与个性化需求的强制性规定,是健康体适能测试领域的进一步完善与发展;(2)BPFT的目标是为不同残疾青少年提供健康相关体适能的测试与评价标准,发展对残疾青少年健康体适能有促进作用的教育内容;(3)BPFT的研制基于残疾青少年身体活动及健康体适能的相关需求;测试项目的选择基于残疾青少年的身体特征和个性化需要,并依据其功能丧失的影响进行调整;(4)BPFT身体成分、有氧功能标准的设定主要参考已有研究中指标与慢性病风险相关的临界值;骨骼肌功能标准则由专家在综合常模研究数据、内科医生的推荐值和参考残疾青少年独立生活需求的建议值后确定。据此,对研制我国《残疾青少年体质健康标准》提出启示:(1)制定残疾青少年体质与健康测试相关的法律、法规,鼓励和支持相关的研究;(2)以BPFT研制为参照,研发本土化的残疾青少年体质健康测试标准;(3)建立标准参照评价的残疾青少年体质健康标准,满足个性化需求。The paper studies the historical background and its development, objective, content and rationale of the Brockport Physical Fitness Test （BPFT）for American youngsters with disability. It proposes that：① The research and development of BPFT cannot be separated from the mandatory provisions of the relevant laws and regulations on the education equity, non - discrimination principle and individual demands for disabled groups, suggesting the further improvement in the field of physical fitness test. ② The objectives of BPFT are to provide health - related physical fitness testing and evaluation criteria for youngsters with different disabilities, and to develop educational content that promotes physical fitness for youngsters with disabilities; ③ The rationale of BPFT is based on the physical activity of the disabled youngsters and the health - related fitness demand. The choice of test items is on account of the physical characteristics and individual needs of youngsters with disability, making adjustment with the different losses of physical fultction. ④ In BPFT, the setting of body composition and standards of aerobic function are mainly based on the risk - related threshold between the indicator and chronic disease of the previous research. The standards of musculoskeletal function is generally established according to the expert opinions by reviewing the norm - referenced research data, the recommendations from the physicians in clinical settings as well as their consulting in terms of the requirements of independent life from the disabled youngsters. The implication of developing standards of physical fitness and health of youngsters with disability is as followed： ① establishing related laws and regulations of physical fitness and health for youngsters with disability; ② developing localized physical fitness and health test according to BPFT; ③building criterion - referenced physical fitness and health standards for youngster with disability to meet the personalized needs of disabilities

关 键 词：体适能测试标准 残疾青少年 标准参照评价 美国 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]