有机无机肥配施对杂交水稻干物质生产、养分吸收及产量形成的影响  

Effects of Combined Inorganic-organic Fertilizer on Dry Matter Production,Nutrient Absorption and Yield Formation in Hybrid Rice

作　　者：秦建权[1] 冯跃华[1] 叶勇[1] 李香玲[1] 李杰[1] 王旭[1] 雷义[1] 杨远志[1] 王贵焜 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国稻米》2017年第3期59-62,共4页China Rice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360311;31160263);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目子项(201503118-03);贵州省农业科技攻关项目(黔科合NY[2011]3085号;黔科合NY[2013]3005号);贵州省作物学省级重点学科建设计划(黔学位合字ZDXK[2014]8号);贵州省普通高等学校粮油作物遗传改良与生理生态特色重点实验室项目(黔教合KY字[2015]333)

摘　　要：增施有机肥、减少化学肥料的施用是减少环境污染和水稻可持续生产的重要途径。为探明有机肥和无机肥配施对水稻产量形成的影响机制,本研究以杂交稻中优808为材料,比较了不施肥(T1)、纯化学肥料(T2)、等养分条件下53%无机化肥N配合施用47%有机肥N(T3)、86%无机化肥N配合施用14%有机肥N(T4)4种处理间的水稻产量和养分吸收差异情况。结果表明,T3、T4处理比T1处理显著增产;等养分条件下,T3、T4处理与T2处理间的产量差异不显著,其中T4处理的产量略高于T2。与T2处理相比,T4、T3处理的单位面积穗数和每穗粒数分别增加6.08%、6.76%和7.76%、7.27%,单位面积颖花数显著增加14.63%和14.69%,但结实率和千粒重差异不显著;同时T3、T4处理的叶面积指数高于T2处理,提高了粒叶比,源库关系较协调,促进了后期干物质生产和养分的吸收与积累,从而增加了水稻产量。Increasing organic fertilizer and reducing the application of chemical fertilizer is an important approach for reducing envi- ronmental pollution and rice sustainable production. Aiming to ascertain the mechanism of combined inorganic-organic fertilizer on rice yield formation, an experiment was conducted to study the yield and nutrient absorption of a hybrid rice variety ＇Zhongyou 808＇ under four different fertilization treatments. The results showed that, the yield of combined inorganic-organic fertilizer treatment （T3 and T4） were significantly higher than that of no fertilizer treatment （T1）, there were no significant difference among T4,T3 and T2 treatment, and the yield of T4 treatment was higher than that of the chemical fertilizer treatment （T2）. Compared to T2 treatment, the effective panicles per unit area and total grains of T4 and T3 treatment were increased by 6.08%, 6.76%, 7.76% and 7.27%, the spikelet number per unit were significantly increased by 14.63% and 14.69%. There were no significant difference in seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight among different treatments. The leaf area index of T3 and T4 treatment were higher than that of T2 treatment, which improved the grain-leaf ratio, the coordination of source-sink, the dry matter production, nutrient abs-,rption and utilization at late growth stage, thus increased the rice yields.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 有机肥 无机肥 养分吸收 产量 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]