国内外溢油应急管理现状  

Status of oil-spill emergency management at home and abroad

作　　者：徐葱葱 刘明杰[2] 赵云峰[1] 吴张中[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油管道科技研究中心/中国石油天然气集团公司油气储运重点实验室 [2]中国石油天然气管道工程有限公司

出　　处：《油气储运》2017年第5期548-552,562,共6页Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"公共安全风险防控与应急技术装备"重点专项"油气长输管道及储运设施检验评价与安全保障技术";2016YFC0802100

摘　　要：由于石油资源的地域分布性特点,各国之间以及国内各地区之间建立了广泛的石油输送系统,溢油事故时有发生。船舶和管道作为常用的输送方式,当其运输设施由于自身失效、第三方破坏、操作失误等原因造成石油泄漏时,会严重破坏生态环境并带来巨大的经济损失,尤其是当石油泄漏至河流、地下水以及海洋等水域时,会给渔业、用水安全以及海域环境等造成严重影响,及时有效地采取溢油应急处置措施,合理配备、使用应急物资进行溢油清理工作具有重要意义。为了提高我国的溢油应急管理水平,对比研究了国内外溢油应急管理体系现状、溢油相关标准及溢油处置物资配备的差异,分析了我国当前溢油应急管理工作的不足,从健全溢油应急管理体系、完善溢油应急标准及优化物资配备方面提出了有针对性的建议。Oil resource distribution is geographically different in different regions, so oil transportation systems are widely constructed between countries and between different areas in the same country, and correspondingly oil spill accidents happen frequently. Ships and pipelines are the common transportation modes. When oil leak happens due to the failure of transportation facilities, third-party damage and operational errors, ecologic environment is deteriorated seriously with immense economic loss. And especially when oil is leaked into water areas, such as rivers, underground water and oceans, the fishery, water safety and marine environments are seriously impacted. To clean the spilled oil well, therefore, it is of great significance to take oil-spill emergency treatment measures effectively in time and allocate and use emergency materials reasonably. To improve the level of China＇s oil-spill emergency management, status of domestic and foreign oil spill management systems, oil spill related standards and differences of oil spill treatment material allocation were comparatively investigated. The deficiencies of current oil-spill emergency management in China were analyzed. And several suggestions were proposed from the aspects of oil-spill emergency management system completion, oil-spill emergency standard perfection and material allocation optimization. （1 Table, 20 References）

关 键 词：溢油 管理体系 应急响应 物资配备 

分 类 号：TE88[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]