集条残膜打包机捡拾清理装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment on Collecting and Separating Device for Strip Plastic Film Baler

作　　者：牛琪[1] 纪超[2] 赵岩[2] 陈学庚[2] 郑炫[2] 李洪文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,石河子832000

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2017年第5期101-107,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560336);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503105);中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M57266XB);兵团重点领域创新团队项目(2015BD002)

摘　　要：针对机收集条残膜因其质地松散、含杂量高造成的转运困难和二次利用率低等问题,在测定分析集条残膜主要物理特性参数的基础上,设计了一种由清杂辊、偏心捡拾滚筒机构、脱膜机构等组成的集条残膜捡拾清理装置。清杂辊弹齿采用双头螺旋线"人"字形对称排列方式,通过动力学分析,确定清杂辊在运动轨迹为余摆线时的转速为86.3 r/min;利用Matlab软件优化了偏心捡拾滚筒的偏心连杆尺寸,通过性能试验优选滚筒转速为65 r/min、弹齿安装角度为45°;经力学分析和气力流场特性模拟获得残膜能被顺利脱下、抛离时,脱膜叶片端部的线速度最小值为1.485 m/s。整机田间试验表明:在机具前进速度为1.5 m/s时,表层残膜拾净率为90.96%,缠膜率为1.09%,清杂率为77.35%,整机工作效率为0.19 hm^2/h,满足田间作业使用要求。It is widely recognized that the application of plastic film mulch technology is evolving from ＂white revolution＂ to ＂white pollution＂ , because the residual plastic film could damage the physical and chemical structures of soil. Consequently a variety of plastic film collectors were developed and most research aimed at enhancing the field plastic film collecting rate and working continuity. However, the residual plastic film strips collected by current collector were loose and easily disturbed by wind and transportation of these film strips were difficult as well as their utilization ratio was low. To solve these problems, a collecting and separating device for strip plastic film baler was designed based on statistical analysis for main physical parameters of the film strip, which decided the performance of the baler and deforming effect of plastic film package. The device consisted of separating roller, eccentric collecting cylinder and film removing mechanism. The layout of separating spring teeth was double helix herringbone symmetrical arrangement. When the motion tail of separating roller was trochoid, the revolving speed was determined as 86.3 r/min by force and motion analyses. The size of eccentric link mechanism was optimized by fitting tool of Matlab software, and the revolving speed and installation angle of collecting spring teeth was determined as 65 r/min and 45° by performance test, respectively. According to force analysis and flow simulation of vane-type film removing mechanism, the linear velocity of vane should be more than 1. 485 m/s to ensure that the residual film could be removed and transported into film bin. Field experiments indicated that the surface residual plastic film collecting rate was 90. 96% , film twining rate was 1.09% , stalk and soil removing rate was 77.35% , and the average working efficient of this baler was 0.19 hm^2/h when forward velocity of the baler was 1.5 m/s, which met the requirements for residual plastic film collecting machine.

关 键 词：集条残膜 回收 捡拾机构 脱膜机构 

分 类 号：S233.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]