长沙市2008—2013年用人单位职业病危害状况及影响因素分析  

Prevalence and influence factors of occupational hazards in enterprises in Changsha municipality,2008-2013

作　　者：何俊[1] 彭言群[2] 胡平成[3] 

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410000 [2]湖南安全技术职业学院 [3]中南大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2017年第5期786-791,共6页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解湖南省长沙市主要职业危害因素种类和危害程度,发现其纵向的变化规律和影响因素。方法收集2008—2013年长沙市用人单位职业病危害因素检测数据,使用统计软件对不同企业及不同职业病危害因素超标率进行分析。结果存在职业病危害因素的用人单位分布在通用和专用设备制造业的最多,占21.5%;共检测用人单位作业场所职业病危害因素26 703个点,总体超标率为17.8%,非园区企业、集体企业、采矿业、微型企业超标率较高,分别为19.7%、28.6%、54.5%、22.6%,各种职业病危害因素中噪声超标率最高,为33.9%,企业超标率随时间变化和危害风险的降低而降低。年份、经济类型和行业是企业超标情况的影响因素。结论职业卫生监管重点关注通用专用设备制造业、集体企业、采矿业、微型企业职业病危害状况,充分利用大数据分析为职业病防治提供科学依据。Objective To examine types and risk levels of main occupational hazards in enterprises in Changsha city and to explore the change trend and influencing factors of the occupational hazards. Methods The data on occupational hazards moniroting for enterprises in Changsha city from 2008 to 2013 were collected and the exceeding standard rates of various occupational hazards in different enterprises were analyzed. Results Of the enterprises monitored for occupational hazards ,21.5% were involved in general and special equipment manufacturing. For a total of 26 703 sites/times of occupational hazard monitoring during the period ,4 751 （17.8%） were over the limit of national standard and the exceeding standard rate was 19. 7% for the enterprises located outside of industrial zone ,28.6% for collective enterprises ,54. 5% for enterprises of mining industry, and 22. 6% for micro-enterprises, respectively. The occupational hazard with the highest exceeding standard rate （33.9%） was noise. The overeal exceeding standard rate decreased year by year and with the descending of risk level of the occupational hazard. The influencing factors of the exceeding standard rate for the occupational hazard included year of monitoring, ownership form of the enterprise monitored, and industrial type of the enterprise. Conclusion Supervision on occupational health should be strengthened, enterprises of mining industry, and microenterprises for the prevention of occupational diseases.

关 键 词：用人单位 职业病危害因素 超标率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]