古希腊奥运会“神圣休战公约”的原则与实践——以莱普瑞昂事件为例  

Principles and Practices of the Olympic Sacred Truce:A Case Study on the Event of Lepreon

作　　者：王邵励[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,长春130024

出　　处：《体育与科学》2017年第3期45-50,共6页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目<体育史学基本理论研究>;项目号:15BTY085

摘　　要：公元前420年第90届古希腊奥运会召开前夕,东道主伊利斯人宣布将斯巴达人逐离奥林匹亚,禁止其在此祭神和参赛,理由是斯巴达人违背"神圣休战公约",在上一届奥运会召开时出兵莱普瑞昂。面对伊利斯人开出的罚单,斯巴达人据理力争,拒不认罚。双方剑拨弩张,奥运会在"人人恐慌"的氛围中举行。经由古希腊经典史料的文献学分析和历史实证考察可知:作为古代奥运会"第一原则"的"神圣休战公约"在名义上广受希腊城邦的认同;但在实际执行过程中,休战的原则常被用作权力争夺的工具与利益交换的筹码,在奥林匹克"体育和平"的理想与实践之间,存在着经由实利世俗因素干扰而造成的落差。莱普瑞昂,就是伊利斯与斯巴达借用"神圣休战公约"之名而展开的实利争夺的目标。从奥林匹克运动源头出发的历史回顾再一次提示:"Olympic Games"绝不仅仅是作为"游戏"的"Games"——这虽有悖当代体育价值观的精神向往,但却是不争的历史实际。由文明交往而产生,又被刻意发明和利用的体育,往往负载着更为复杂而深刻的社会属性与文化内涵。Just before the opening of the 90th ancient Greek Olympic Games in 420 B. C. , the Spartas were forbidden to sacrifice and attend the races at the Olympia by the Ells as the host for the reason that they invaded the Lepreon at the previous one and violated the Sacred Truce. Facing the penalties from Elis, the Spartas argued against strongly and refused to pay the fine. The confrontation by force aroused much fear in that Olympic Games. Through the analysis to the Greek original sources and the approach of history demonstration, the paper argued that as the first principle of the Greek Olympic Games, the Sacred Truce were nominally recognized by the Greek city--states, but, in the process of implementation, the ceasefire rules were usually used as the ways of power struggle and interests exchanges. The real gap original from the materialism elements outside the playing ground did existed between the O- lympic Peace and its practices. In the name of the Sacred truce, what the Sparta and Elis really contested for was Lepreon. The ret- rospection from the starting point of the Olympic Games reminded that the Olympic Games meant more than Games in the sense of pure fun. It was a solid history reality although it was on the opposite side of the spirits pursuit by the modern sports. When being utilized as the communicating way among civilizations, the sports as the human inventions and the products usually were invested more pregnant social characters and cultural senses.

关 键 词：古希腊奥运会 神圣休战公约 奥林匹克和平 斯巴达 伊利斯 莱普瑞昂 

分 类 号：G802[文化科学—运动人体科学]