北京城区气传花粉分布与过敏性疾病就诊关系分析  

Association between airborne pollen distribution and allergic diseases in Beijing urban area

作　　者：王晓艳[1] 田宗梅[2] 宁慧宇 王学艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科,北京100038 [2]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院信息中心

出　　处：《临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2017年第10期757-761,共5页Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery

摘　　要：目的:探讨北京城区主要气传花粉的分布与过敏性疾病就诊诊次的关系。方法:应用改良花粉采样器于2015-01-01-2015-12-31期间对北京城区气传花粉浓度进行监测。通过医院计算机中心HIS系统统计同一时段变态反应科、耳鼻咽喉科和呼吸科门诊就诊患者情况。对诊次和花粉数量进行Pearson相关性分析。结果:(1)2015年北京城区的花粉总数为76 164粒。花粉季节约占全年天数的55.6%,全年花粉分布呈现两个高峰,分别为3~4月(29.7%、34.8%)和8~9月(9.9%、10.5%)。春季主要致敏花粉为柏属、悬铃木、杨属等,秋季为蒿属、藜科/苋、葎草/大麻等。(2)变态反应科和耳鼻咽喉科变应性鼻炎就诊高峰期分别出现在3~4月和8~9月。2个科室变应性鼻炎就诊规律高度正相关(r=0.625,P<0.05)。变态反应科过敏性哮喘仅出现秋季就诊高峰,耳鼻咽喉科和呼吸科未见就诊高峰。变态反应科变应性鼻炎与哮喘诊次高度正相关(r=0.902,P<0.01)。(3)全年花粉分布高峰春季高于秋季,但变应性鼻炎及哮喘就诊高峰秋季大于春季,花粉与诊次Pearson相关性分析无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论:北京城区花粉分布高峰期与变应性鼻炎及哮喘就诊高峰期一致。北京城区春季花粉数量高于秋季,但花粉相关疾病就诊高峰出现在秋季,提示秋季花粉致敏性更强,影响范围更广。Objective：The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of airborne pollen in urban Beijing area on the consultation rate of allergic diseases. Method：A modified pollen sampler was used to monitor the distribution of main airborne pollen during Jan 1st 2015 to Dec 31 2015. The consuhation rate of allergic rhinitis and asthma was obtained meanwhile among allergy, ENT and pneumology department. Relationship between pollen and con- sultation rate was analyzed by Pearson index. Result： ①Through the whole year of 2015 the total quantity of pol- lens amounted to 76164 grains. Two pollen peaks were observed which happened in spring（March 29. 7% , April 34. 8%） and autumn（August 9.9%, September 10.5%）, The main airborne pollens in spring were cypress, syca more. and poplar, while in autumn were artemisia, Chenopodiaeeae, and Humulus. ②The peak consultation sea- son of allergic rhinitis was presented in March to April and August to September with a positive correlation be- tween allergy and ENT department （ r=- 0. 625 ,P〈0. 05 ）. Consultation peak of asthma was observed in allergy departntent but not pneumology department ③Allergic rhinitis and asthma consultation rate was higher in autumn than spring while the pollen distribuoon was the opposite,No correlation was found between consuhation rate and pollen distribution（P〉0.05）.Conclusion：The airborne pollen distribution was in accordance with consultation rate in allergy department. The pollen count in spring was higher Than autumn in Beijing urban area with a consultation peak in autumn inversely. This indicates a higher sensitization ability of autumn pollen compared with spring pollen.

关 键 词：气传花粉 花粉高峰 花粉症 就诊诊次 

分 类 号：R762[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]