果农对过量施肥的认知与测土配方施肥技术采纳行为的影响因素分析——基于山东省9个县(区、市)苹果种植户的调查  

Excess Fertilizer Application and Growers' Adoption Behavior for Soil Testing for Fertilizer Formulation and Their Determinants: An Empirical Analysis based on Survey Data from Apple Growers in 9 Counties of Shandong Province

作　　者：张复宏[1] 宋晓丽[1] 霍明[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2017年第3期117-130,共14页China Rural Survey

基　　金：2016年山东省社科规划办重点项目"基于面源污染的山东苹果环境全要素生产率提升机制研究"(编号:16BGJ08);国家社会科学基金项目"农超对接供应链效果评价与政策优化研究"(编号:15BGL134)资助

摘　　要：本文利用对山东省9个县(区、市)279户苹果种植户的调查数据,运用投入导向的径向超效率模型和双变量Probit模型分析了果农对过量施肥的认知与测土配方施肥技术采纳行为的影响因素,并测算了相关因素影响果农对过量施肥有一定程度认知及采纳测土配方施肥技术的边际效应。研究结果表明:山东省9个样本县(区、市)有8个在苹果种植中存在过量施肥问题,调查地区的平均过量施肥量达20.5公斤/亩,亩均施肥量有待降低的幅度都在14%以上;64.9%的果农对过量施肥缺乏认知,采纳测土配方施肥技术的果农仅占21.7%;果农对过量施肥的认知与其测土配方施肥技术采纳行为之间高度正相关。进一步的回归结果显示,文化程度较低、专业化程度较高、有外出打工经历、对过量施肥危害有所认知、参加过种植技术培训、果园土壤较肥沃的果农,对过量施肥有一定程度认知的概率更高;具备上述特征的果农,以及性别为女性、种植年限长、果园为标准化果园、园地较为集中的果农,更倾向于采纳测土配方施肥技术。Based on survey data from 279 apple growers in 9 county-level cities of Shandong Province, this article analyzes the determinants of farmers＇ awareness of excessive fertilization and their adoption behavior for soil testing for formulated fertilization. The study uses an input-oriented radial super efficiency model and a bivariate probit model. It also analyzes the marginal effect of excessive fertilization on growers＇ cognition and adoption of soil testing for formulated fertilization. The results show that eight out of nine sample areas are obsessed by the problem of excessive fertilization. The average excess fertilizer rate is 20.5 kg/mu in the sample areas. Fertilization dosage on average can reduce by 14% or more per mu. There are 64.9% of farmers with a lack of cognition of excessive fertilization, and only 21.7% of farmers adopt the method of soil testing for formulated fertilization. Regression results show that farmers having a lower level of education and a higher degree of specialization, those having more experience to work elsewhere and training experience in planting technology, those having some awareness of harm and a higher soil quality, have a higher level of awareness of excessive fertilization. Besides the above factors, farmers who are female, who have more planting experiences, whose orchards are awarded as standard demonstration areas, and whose orchards have a higher concentration degree, are more inclined to adopt soil testing for formulated fertilization technology.

关 键 词：苹果种植户 过量施肥 测土配方施肥 双变量Probit模型 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]