本院2005-2015年输血过敏性不良反应统计分析  

Statistical analysis on allergic adverse transfusion in our hospital from 2005 to 2015

作　　者：马凤莲[1] 崔丹[1] 陈海丽[1] 刘玉振[2] 

机构地区：[1]郑州市第七人民医院,河南郑州450000 [2]河南省红十字血液中心

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2017年第3期303-305,共3页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的调查分析发生过敏性输血反应的原因,探究其处理措施,降低过敏性输血不良反应的发生。方法对本院10年住院患者发生输血过敏反应进行回顾性总结分析。结果本院76 703人输血,发生输血过敏反应93例(0.12%)。不同的血液成分中悬浮红细胞、去白悬浮红细胞、洗涤红细胞、血小板、冷沉淀以及血浆过敏反应发生率分别为0.11%、0.08%、0.00%、0.21%、0.10%、0.13%。过敏性输血反应中轻度过敏、重度过敏、休克、紫癜构成比分别为88.2%、7.5%、3.2%、1.1%;输血0次和1次以上的患者再次输血过敏反应发生率分别为0.08%、0.17%;男女输血患者过敏发生率分别为0.10%、0.15%;1例过敏性紫癜是由于患者缺乏Ig A导致的。结论血小板过敏反应发生率最高,洗涤红细胞最低;输血次数越多过敏反应发生率越高,女性输血过敏反应发生率高于男性;对过敏反应的患者,再次输血选择洗涤红细胞或洗涤血小板,慎输血浆;对检出Ig A抗体的患者,选Ig A缺乏献血者的血液。Objective To investigate the causes of allergic transfusion reactions and to explore the treatment measures to reduce the occurrence of allergic transfusion adverse reactions.Methods The allergic transfusion reactions of patients in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed throughout ten years.Results There were 93 cases of blood transfusion reactions in 76 703 individuals （0.12%）.The allergic reaction rates from transfusion of different blood components,such as suspended red blood cells,red blood cells to the white suspension,washed red blood cells,platelets,cryoprecipitate,and plasma,were 0.11%,0.08%,0.00%,0.21%,0.10%,and 0.13%,respectively.The constituent ratio of allergic transfusion reactions in mild allergy,severe allergy,shock,purpura was 88.2%,7.5%,3.2%,1.1%,respectively.Patients with zero or one time and more times of blood transfusion experienced an allergic reaction rate of 0.08% and 0.17%.The incidence of allergies in men and women are 0.10% and 0.15%,respectively.One case of allergic purpura is caused by IgA deficiency.Conclusion The highest incidence of allergic reaction occurs after platelet transfusion when there is minimal washing of red blood cells.Higher frequency of blood transfusion is also associated with higher incidence of allergic reaction.Females experience higher incidence of transfusion reactions than males.In patients with allergic reactions,repeat transfusions should involve washing of red blood cells or platelets before transfusion.Caution should be taken when transfusing plasma.In patients with IgA antibodies,IgA deficient blood should be chosen for transfusion.

关 键 词：输血反应 过敏 紫癜 瘀斑 荨麻疹 

分 类 号：R457.13[医药卫生—治疗学]