基奈峡湾国家公园自然地理特征  

Physical geographic characteristics of Kenai Fjords National Park

作　　者：大卫.卡尔.施耐德 戴长雷[2,3] 杨朝晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿拉斯加大学安克雷奇分校,阿拉斯加州安克雷奇99508 [2]黑龙江大学寒区地下水研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [3]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《黑龙江水利》2017年第4期24-29,共6页

基　　金：中科院寒旱所冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLFSE201310);国家自然科学基金项目(1202171)

摘　　要：国家公园生态系统是地貌研究的重要组成部分,通过研究公园地理特征有助于进一步了解中南阿拉斯加的地貌特征。在梳理公园所受地质作用以及气候等相关知识的前提下,对基奈峡湾国家公园自然地理特征进行了分析。指出:(1)整个公园由太平洋板块楔入阿拉斯加时洋底推挤起来的岩体组成。山地地形主导了公园的景观,高大的山脉使降雨和降雪量很大。来自海洋的湿润空气与高大的山体遭遇时促成的冰川现在正在消退,公园的整个海岸线也正在缓慢下陷。(2)基奈峡湾国家公园的气候主要是海洋性的,富含水汽的风以及从东亚流向阿拉斯加湾的太平洋洋流的相对温暖的水体一起作用,塑造出本公园温和、湿润的气象条件。(3)海洋、山脉、冰川以及上述三者不断的变化,将本公园变成一个丰富多彩的生态王国。由于绝大多数地方海拔较高,所以基奈峡湾国家公园的地理景观以冰川和苔原为主。The ecological system of National Park is the important part of landscape research. Studying the geographic characteristics of park can help further understand its landscape views. The paper analyzes the physical geographic characteristics of Kenai Fjords National Park on the basis of combing the geologic forces and climate which affect the park under the premise of knowledge. It points out： （1）The landscape is characterized by broad river valleys populated with taiga forest, steep mountains with tundradraped slopes and some of the highest peaks in North America; （2）The climate of Kenai Fjords National Park is predominantly maritime. The Westerly winds, combined with the relatively warm water of the North Pacific Current that flows into the Gulf of Alaska from East Asia create the mild, wet conditions; （3）The ocean, the mountains, the glaciers and the constant changes that all three are undergoing have created a rich and diverse ecological realm in the park. Because most of the terrain in the park is at high elevation, ice and tundra dominate the landscape.

关 键 词：地质作用 气候 冰川 苔原 基奈峡湾国家公园 

分 类 号：P54[天文地球—构造地质学] P94[天文地球—地质学]