海州煤矿矸石山周边土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价  

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils around the Gangue Heap of HaiZhou Coal Mine,China

作　　者：丛鑫[1] 雷旭涛 付玲[1] 商思瑶 丁静[1] 毕然[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《地球与环境》2017年第3期329-335,共7页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41403100);辽宁省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201510147052)

摘　　要：通过系统采集阜新海州井工矿矸石山周边的表层土壤样品,研究煤矸石堆积造成的周边土壤重金属污染问题,并分析其污染特征,评价其潜在生态风险。数据分析结果表明:尽管研究煤矸石山只有10余年堆积历史,但煤矸石的风化和淋溶已导致其周边土壤中重金属累积性污染,研究的五种重金属Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr和Ni中Ni和Cu的含量超过《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)二级标准。土壤中重金属含量空间分布结果表明,土壤中重金属的含量随着距煤矸石堆距离的增加大体呈现下降趋势。重金属形态分析数据显示土壤中重金属以不活泼的残渣态为主,酸可提取态含量最低。研究区土壤中重金属总的潜在生态风险程度为轻微,单元素的污染程度由高到低依次为Cr>Ni>Cu>Pb>Zn,其中Ni是最主要的潜在生态风险因子。Surface soil samples were collected systematically from the soils near the gangue heap of Haizhou coal mine in Fuxin area, China. Characteristics of pollution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals were studied. Results of the data analyses show that the soils around the gangue heap have an accumulation of heavy metals which were caused by the weathering and leaching of coal gangues, however, the mining period of the study area was only more than 10 years. The concentrations of Cu and Ni in soil exceed the corresponding limits of Chinese National Soil Environmental Quality Standard ]] （GB15618-1995）.The spatial distribution results of heavy metals in soils indicate that the contents of heavy metals in soil decrease with increasing distance from the gangue heap. Results of speciation analysis show that the inactive residual fraction is the dominant phase for heavy metals studied in the soils. The lowest con- tent fraction is acid extractable phase. Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals was performed by using Hakanson＇s ecologi- cal risk index. Results suggest that the pollution of the study area is moderate. The degrees of heavy metals pollution are in the order of Cr〉Ni〉Cu〉Pb〉Zn. Ni is one of the most important potential ecological risk factors.

关 键 词：矸石山 重金属 土壤 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]