休闲期不同耕作模式对旱地麦田土壤水分、养分及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Tillage Systems during Fallow Period on Soil Water,Nutrient Content and Wheat Yield in Dryland

作　　者：陈梦楠[1] 高志强[1] 孙敏[1] 杨珍平[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2017年第5期680-686,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B04);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503120);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24);山西省研究生教育创新项目(2016SY025)

摘　　要：为探索适宜晋南旱地小麦高效生产的耕作模式,以晋麦92为试验材料,设置休闲期深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松、常规耕作(对照)4个耕作模式,研究其对土壤水分及养分、作物生长和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松模式较对照休闲末期3m内土壤蓄水量和土壤蓄水效率显著提高,土壤蓄水效率提高达52.5%~91.3%,以深松/深松模式较好;越冬-孕穗期3m内土壤蓄水量提高,且深松/深松模式与对照差异显著;各生育时期单株干物质积累量提高,且越冬-拔节期深松/深松、深松/深翻模式与对照差异显著,孕穗-成熟期各耕作模式与对照差异均显著;穗数、千粒重、产量和水分利用效率显著提高,其中穗数提高22.7%~29.9%,水分利用效率提高15.1%~21.6%,产量提高39.4%~60.3%,以深松/深松模式较好;收获后0~40cm土层土壤有机质平均含量提高2.5%~8.7%,速效磷含量提高11.1%~34.4%,碱解氮含量提高5.1%~20.2%,以深松/深松模式较好。总之,深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松模式均能提高土壤蓄水保墒能力,改善养分供应状况,有利于促进小麦干物质积累,最终提高产量和水分利用效率,以深松/深松模式最佳。In order to explore the suitable tillage systems in dryland for high efficiency wheat production in Jinnan, four systems,including DT/DT （2-year continuous deep plowing during fallow period）, ST/DT （2-year rotational subsoiling and deep plowing during fallow period）,ST/ST （2-year continu- ous subsoiling during fallow period） and CK （2-year continuous conventional tillage system during fal- low period） were applied. The study was conducted with Jinmai 92 to determine the effect of different tillage systems on soil water storage and nutrient content, crop growth and water use efficiency. The results showed that compared with CK,DT/DT,ST/DT and ST/ST significantly increased soil water storage in the 0-3 m depth after fallow period and soil water storage efficiency. And soil water stor- age efficiency was increased by 52.5% to 91.3%. The effect of ST/ST on water storage was better. Compared with CK,DT/DT,ST/DT and ST/ST increased soil water storage in the 0-3 m depth from over-wintering stage to booting stage, on which the effect of ST/ST was significant. Compared with CK,DT/DT,ST/DT and ST/ST increased dry weight per plant at different growth stages. Compared ST/ST and ST/DT with CK from over-wintering stage to elongation stage,the effect was significant. And the effect of different tillage systems was significant at booting and maturing stages. Compared with CK,DT/DT, ST/DT and ST/ST significantly increased spike number, 1 000-grain weight, yield and water use efficiency. Spike number,water use efficiency and yield were increased by 22.7 % to 29. 9%, 15.1% to 21.6% ,and 39.4% to 60.3% ,respectively,on which the effects of ST/ST were better. Compared with CK,DT/DT,ST/DT and ST/ST improved soil average nutrient content in 0-40 cm depth after harvest. Organic matter content, available phosphorus content and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content were improved by 2.5% to 8.7% ,11.1% to 34.4% ,and 5.1% to 20.2% ,respectively, on which the effect of ST/ST was better. In conclusion, DT/DT, ST/DT and ST/ST co

关 键 词：旱地小麦 耕作模式 土壤水分 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311