医用骨科假体植入物多孔结构设计的研究和临床应用现状  

Design of the porous orthopedic implants: research and application status

作　　者：梁豪君 李瑞延[2] 刘贯聪 秦彦国 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第二医院,吉林省长春市130041 [2]吉林大学第二临床学院,吉林省长春市130041

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2017年第15期2410-2417,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：吉林省省级产业专业创新专项资金项目(2016C037);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20150414006G H)~~

摘　　要：背景:多孔结构已被证实可以有效提高假体植入物稳定性,而孔的结构设计一直是提高植入物骨整合性的有效手段。目的:介绍多孔结构设计的研究进展。方法:以"scaffold,pore size,porosity,osteogenesis"为检索词,在WOS数据库检索2000年1月至2016年4月与假体植入物多孔结构相关的文献。排除与主题——"假体植入物多孔结构"相关性较小、多孔"结构"方面实验结果表述不清,以及与多孔"结构"无关的文章。结果与结论:(1)传统假体植入物的稳定性在某些具体情况下不能满足相应要求,而多孔结构的假体植入物可以达到骨性结合的目的,提高稳定性;(2)孔几何结构的研究是现在的热点,研究人员通过设计多孔支架进行体外与体内实验,研究多孔假体植入物在人体内的植入与整合情况;(3)研究表明,在满足支架机械支撑等基本条件下,较高的孔隙率、合适的孔径长度、微孔形貌与孔壁微表面结构的存在都可能会刺激骨组织的生长和分化;(4)但是目前多孔结构植入物及支架材料大多还处于体外实验和动物实验阶段,促进骨生成、骨长入的孔结构仍需进一步研究。BACKGROUND： Porosity has been proven to improve the stability of orthopedic implants, and the architecture of pores is considered as a significant factor to improve the osseointegration of implants. OBJECTIVE： To introduce the research advance in porous architecture. METHODS： WOS database was searched for the articles addressing the porous structure of the implants published from January 2000 to April 2016 using the keywords of ＆quot;scaffold, pore size, porosity, osteogenesis＆quot;. The literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： （1） The stability of traditional implants cannot meet the requirements in some specific circumstances, while the implants with porosity can improve the stability due to its osteogenesis ability. （2） Porous structure is a hotspot, and the osseointegration of porous implants in vivo is explored through series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. （3） It has been shown that higher porosity, proper pore size, microporous morphology and microstructure of the pore wall may contribute to the growth and differentiation of bone tissue under enough mechanical support. （4） However, most studies on the porous implants are still on the in vivo and animal experimental stage, and its promoting effects on the osteogenesis and bone in-growth are needed to be investigated in depth.

关 键 词：假体和植入物 多孔性 骨整合 组织工程 骨科植入物 人工假体 假体植入物 孔径 孔隙率 骨性结合 骨组织工程 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]