放牧干扰对栗斑腹鹀繁殖的影响  

Effect of Grazing on Emberiza jankowskii

作　　者：陈乐勇 张立世[1] 吴慧[1] 秦博[1] 李时[1] 姜云垒[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学,长春130118

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2017年第5期96-100,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670398);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20150101067JC)

摘　　要：在内蒙古通辽市扎鲁特旗嘎亥图开展了放牧对栗斑腹鹀(Emberiza jankowskii)繁殖影响的研究,分析了围栏区与非围栏区栗斑腹鹀的繁殖生境选择和繁殖功效。研究共发现89巢和202枚卵,其中围栏区含有卵的巢为30个(33.70%);成功出飞的巢为4巢(4.49%);总卵119枚(58.91%);出雏34只(16.83%);成功出飞雏鸟15只(7.43%)。非围栏区含有卵的巢为25个(28.09%);成功出飞巢为1巢(1.12%);总卵83枚(41.09%);出雏24只(11.88%);成功出飞雏鸟4只(1.98%)。繁殖大生境研究结果表明,围栏区与非围栏区的西伯利亚山杏密度、贝加尔针茅高度、枯草密度、青草密度、裸地比例存在极显著差异。西伯利亚山杏高度和贝加尔针茅密度存在显著差异,青草的均高、植物种类和腐蚀草厚度无显著差异。此外,斑块的平均面积为(82.63±72.98)hm2,斑块内的栗斑腹鹀为(9.67±9.79)只,斑块内牧群的数量与栗斑腹鹀种群密度存在显著负相关性,牧群数量越多,栗斑腹鹀的种群密度越小。We studied the reproductive status, nest site selection and reproductive success of Emberiza jankowaski in the fenced and non-fenced areas from May to July at Gahaitu Town, Zhalute Banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, China. We found 89 nests and 202 eggs, and 30 nests of them were in the fence area （33.70%）. The number of nests with all the fledgings leave nest successfully was 4 （ 4.49% ） , and the total number of eggs was 119 （ 58.91% ） ; hatching number was 34 （ 16.83% ） ; successful fledgings were 15 （7.43%）. The number of nests in non-fence area was 25 （ 28.09% ） , 1 of them （ 1.12% ） was flying successfully, the total number of eggs was 83 （41.09%）, 24 of them （ 11.88% ） hatched successfully, and then 4 of them （1.98%） were fledging successfully. We also found that there were extremely significant differences in the density of Armeniaca Siberian, height of Stipa baicalensis, hay density, grass density and the proportion of open space between fenced and non-fenced areas. We detected significant differences in the height of Armeniaca Siberian and density of Stipa baicalensis, while the average height of the grass, the plant species and the thickness of the eroded grass were not significantly different. The average area of patch was 82.63＋/-72.98 hm^2, and the average quantity of Emberiza jankowaskii in the patches was 9.67＋/-9.79. The relationship between patch area and population quantity was significantly negative, suggesting that the more the number of grazing herds was, the smaller the population density of the Emberiza janko- waskii population was.

关 键 词：放牧 栗斑腹鹀 斑块 繁殖生境 繁殖功效 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]