中国企业对外直接投资影响了劳动力市场的就业极化吗?  

Does Outward Foreign Direct Investment Affect Job Polarization in the China's Labor Market?

作　　者：李宏兵[1] 郭界秀[2] 翟瑞瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学经济管理学院,北京100876 [2]河南财经政法大学国际经济与贸易学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《财经研究》2017年第6期28-39,共12页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71503024);教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助一般项目(16JHQ035);北京市社会科学基金青年项目(16YJC055)

摘　　要：在中国企业"走出去"步入新常态和就业压力持续加大的复杂背景下,探寻对外直接投资影响劳动力市场中的就业极化及其作用机理,对缓解我国当前的就业矛盾具有重要意义。基于此,文章利用匹配后的中国工业企业数据,基于倾向得分匹配和倍差法实证检验了对外直接投资的就业极化效应。研究发现,对外直接投资总体上显著增加了母国劳动力市场上的就业,但影响程度具有显著差异,对高技术和低技术企业的就业水平的影响更为明显,而对中等技术企业的提升作用相对较小,即存在"两端高、中间低"的就业极化现象。进一步研究发现:(1)企业对"一带一路"沿线国家的直接投资有利于缓解我国劳动力市场的就业极化;(2)与投资中低收入国家相比,对高收入国家的直接投资在一定程度上会加剧母国劳动力市场的就业极化趋势;(3)与外资企业相比,国有企业和民营企业的对外投资加剧了劳动力的低技术"极化"趋势。上述研究为实现中国企业更好地"走出去"与就业优先战略的良性互动提供了有益的启示和借鉴。Under the complex background that Chinese firms＇ going-out steps into the new normal and employment pressure enlarges increasingly, to explore the effect mecha- nism of OFDI （outward foreign direct investment） on employment polarization effect, is of great significance to the alleviation of employment contradiction at present. This paper u- ses the matched data of Chinese industrial firms, verifies the effect of OFDI on employ- ment polarization based on PSM and DID method. It indicates that OFDI significantly in- creases the employment of its home country＇s labor market overall, however the impacts of OFDI differ widely： the impact of OFDI on the employment level of high-tech and low-tech firms is more obvious, and the promotion role of OFDI in medium-tech firms is relatively weak, namely the existence of ＂high ends, middle low＂ phenomenon of employment polar- ization.Further study finds that firms＇ foreign direct investment in the Belt and Road coun- tries can alleviate the employment polarization of labor market in China. Compared with low-and-middle-income countries, to a certain extent the direct investment in high-income countries will intensify employment polarization trend of the host country＇s labor market. Compared with foreign firms, foreign investment of state-owned and private firms has in- tensified the trend of low-skill polarization of labor force. The research above provides a useful inspiration and reference for the sound interaction between better going-out of Chi- nese firms and employment priority strategy.

关 键 词：对外直接投资 就业极化 倍差法 就业效应 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济]