拉枝角度对‘SH1’矮化中间砧‘富士’苹果幼树生长和结果的影响  

Effect of Branch Angle on Growth and Fruit of ‘Fuji’ Apple Trees in ‘SH1’ Dwarfing Interstock

作　　者：蔡华成[1] 王芸芸[1] 杨廷桢[1] 王骞[1] 高敬东[1] 李春燕[1] 杜学梅[1] 弓桂花[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制与利用山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第10期78-82,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业部专项“国家苹果产业技术体系晋中综合试验站建设”(CARS-28);公益性行业(农业)科研专项二级子课题“苹果野生资源的收集、评价与优异种质筛选”(201303093-SX);“十二五”农村领域国家科技支撑计划二级子课题“早中熟优质多抗苹果、梨新品种、砧木选育研究”(2013BAD02B01-2)

摘　　要：旨在为‘SH1’矮砧‘富士’提供幼树树形管理的科学依据。本研究以4年生‘SH1’矮砧‘富士’为试材,通过70°、90°、120°3种拉枝角度的处理,探讨不同拉枝角度对苹果幼树生长和结果的影响。结果表明:拉枝角度120°时叶片光合速率最大,且与其他2个处理差异显著(P<0.05);拉枝角度90°时叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量最高、叶片厚度、百叶重最大,与其他2个处理差异显著(P<0.05);拉枝角度90°时的冠下光合间接辐射最大,拉枝角度120°时株间光合间接辐射、光合直接辐射和叶面积指数均最大;拉枝角度90°时长枝的长度、粗度最大,中枝粗度最大,拉枝角度120°时中枝长度最长;拉枝角度90°时果实单果重、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、硬度均最大。综合考虑树体生长势和果实品质等因素,90°为‘SH1’矮砧‘富士’枝条适宜的拉枝角度。The paper aims to provide a scientific basis for the management of ＇Fuji＇ trees grafted on ＇SHI＇ dwarf interstock. In this study, 4-year-old ＇Fuji＇ on ＇SHI＇ dwarfing interstock was taken as materials, branches were bent 70°, 90°, 120° to determine photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, tree canopy structure, shoot growth and fruit quality factors. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate was the maximum when the branch angle was 120°, and was significantly different from the other two treatments （P〈 0.05）. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were the highest and the leaf thickness and 100 leaves weight were the largest when the branch angle was 90°, and were significantly different from the other two treatments （P〈0.05）. The photosynthetic indirect radiation of tree crown was the best at 90°, the photosynthetic indirect radiation, direct radiation and photosynthetic leaf area index were the largest at 120°. The length and diameter of long branch and the diameter of middle branch were the maximum at 90°, the length of middle branch was the maximum at 120°. The fruit weight, fruit shape index, soluble solids content,and hardness were the maximum at 90°. Considering the potential of tree growth, fruit quality and other factors, the branch angle was appropriate at 90° in SH 1 dwarfing intertstock.

关 键 词：苹果 拉枝角度 'SH1’矮化中间砧 生长 结果 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]